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Infectious Disease: Epidemics
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Total 25019 results found since Jan 2013.
A Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Caused by One Asymptomatic Food Handler Carrier
Biomed Environ Sci. 2023 Aug 20;36(8):779-782. doi: 10.3967/bes2023.105.ABSTRACTIn August 2021, three students with diarrhea from the same school visited a local hospital in the S district of Beijing. An epidemic investigation showed that there were more students with diarrhea in the same school and they had one meal together. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from both patients with diarrhea and asymptomatic food handlers; however, the latter also carried Campylobacter coli. Phylogenomic analysis showed that there was a campylobacteriosis outbreak among the students, and the asymptomatic food handler may have been the sou...
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES - September 15, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Ai Xia Yan Gui Lan Zhou Peng Gao Ying Kang Shou Fei Li Yuan Yuan Wang Feng Shuang Wang Hai Rui Wang Ying Li Mao Jun Zhang Source Type: research
Evolution of HIV virulence in response to disease-modifying vaccines: A modeling study
Vaccine. 2023 Sep 13:S0264-410X(23)01027-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.071. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPathogens face a tradeoff with respect to virulence; while more virulent strains often have higher per-contact transmission rates, they are also more likely to kill their hosts earlier. Because virulence is a heritable trait, there is concern that a disease-modifying vaccine, which reduces the disease severity of an infected vaccinee without changing the underlying pathogen genotype, may result in the evolution of higher pathogen virulence. We explored the potential for such virulence evolution with a disease-modif...
Source: Vaccine - September 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Molly C Reid John E Mittler James T Murphy Sarah E Stansfield Steven M Goodreau Neil Abernethy Joshua T Herbeck Source Type: research
Control groups for HIV prevention efficacy trials: what does the future hold?
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2023 Sep 12. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000818. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ending the HIV epidemic will require the development of additional effective immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated means of HIV prevention. Evaluating novel interventions requires large, controlled trials demonstrating efficacy. Recent advances in the field of HIV prevention necessitate new approaches to efficacy trial design.RECENT FINDINGS: Three classes of efficacy trial designs are possible: standard of prevention-controlled trials, active-controlled trials, and active-controlled trials augmented with e...
Source: Cancer Control - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Holly Janes Susan Buchbinder Source Type: research
The re-emergence of influenza following the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia, 2021 to 2022
ConclusionEnhanced testing for respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a more complete picture of influenza virus transmission compared with previous seasons. Returned international travellers were important drivers of influenza reemergence, as were young adults, a group whose role has previously been under-recognised in the establishment of seasonal influenza epidemics. Targeting interventions, including vaccination, to these groups could reduce future influenza transmission.PMID:37707981 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.37.2300118
Source: Euro Surveill - September 14, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Catherine Ga Pendrey Janet Strachan Heidi Peck Ammar Aziz Jean Moselen Rob Moss Md Rezanur Rahaman Ian G Barr Kanta Subbarao Sheena G Sullivan Source Type: research
The roles and challenges of the primary health care systems in epidemic management: a scoping review
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the present study, there is a need for further studies to formulate and theorize the specific roles of PHC in managing infectious disease epidemics. The results of this study can be utilized by researchers and officials to inform their efforts in addressing this purpose.PMID:37705282 | DOI:10.1017/S1463423623000452
Source: Primary Care - September 14, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Elham Shami Kamal Gholipour Deniz Naghibi Saber Azami-Aghdash Source Type: research
Impact of obesity on female puberty and pubertal disorders
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2023 Aug 10;91:102400. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102400. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe worldwide epidemic of obesity appears to be one of the crucial health problems. One-third of children and adolescents in the United States are classified as either overweight or obese and 6% of adolescents are severely obese. With the development of high technology, children, and adolescents, spend more time in sedentary life. Together with the availability of consuming fast caloric food, it is almost unavoidable to get an imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure of energy, resul...
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - September 14, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dvora Bauman Source Type: research
COVID-19 transmission driven by age-group mathematical model in Shijiazhuang City of China
CONCLUSIONS: Shijiazhuang epidemic was the first COVID-19 outbreak in the rural areas in Hebei Province of Northern China. The targeted interventions adopted in early 2021 were effective to halt the transmission due to the implementation of a strict and village-wide closure. However we found that age group profile and NPIs played critical rules to successfully contain Shijiazhuang epidemic, which should be considered by public health policies in rural areas of mainland China during the dynamic zero-COVID policy.PMID:37706095 | PMC:PMC10495604 | DOI:10.1016/j.idm.2023.08.004
Source: Rural Remote Health - September 14, 2023 Category: Rural Health Authors: Fengying Wei Ruiyang Zhou Zhen Jin Senzhong Huang Zhihang Peng Jinjie Wang Ximing Xu Xinyan Zhang Jun Xu Yao Bai Xiaoli Wang Bulai Lu Zhaojun Wang Jianguo Xu Source Type: research
The roles and challenges of the primary health care systems in epidemic management: a scoping review
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the present study, there is a need for further studies to formulate and theorize the specific roles of PHC in managing infectious disease epidemics. The results of this study can be utilized by researchers and officials to inform their efforts in addressing this purpose.PMID:37705282 | DOI:10.1017/S1463423623000452
Source: Primary Care - September 14, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Elham Shami Kamal Gholipour Deniz Naghibi Saber Azami-Aghdash Source Type: research
Vaccination coverage survey of children aged 1-3 years in Beijing, China, 2005-2021
CONCLUSION: The coverage level and service quality of routine immunization in Beijing were relatively high. However, as influenced by COVID-19 epidemics, both on-time and in-time vaccination rates decreased significantly, except for BCG and HepB. Under the background of COVID-19 pandemic, the keys to maintain high level of vaccination coverage include flexible immunization service time to ensure the guardians bringing their children for vaccination timely, and more attention from providers to the doses after children's first birthday.PMID:37709591 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.015
Source: Vaccine - September 14, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wen-Yan Ji Dong-Lei Liu Rui Yu Liang Miao Qian-Li Yuan Luo-Dan Suo Jian-Ping Yu Source Type: research
Risk factors of Omicron variant associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy in children
CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of COVID-19-associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy showed no evidence of direct viral invasion but associations with older age, increased peripheral neutrophil, and serum procalcitonin. These findings may imply the neutrophil-mediated systemic inflammatory response plays an important role on central nerve system, leading to cerebral dysfunction.PMID:37709632 | DOI:10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.010
Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection - September 14, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chong-Wei Huang Jainn-Jim Lin Chen-Yen Kuo Kuang-Lin Lin Yhu-Chering Huang Cheng-Hsun Chiu Yi-Ching Chen Chih-Ho Chen Yu-Chia Hsieh Source Type: research
