This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 11.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 4640167 results found since Jan 2013.

Didehydro-Cortistatin A Inhibits HIV-1 Tat Mediated Neuroinflammation and Prevents Potentiation of Cocaine Reward in Tat Transgenic Mice.
Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein is implicated in HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which includes a group of syndromes ranging from undetectable neurocognitive impairment to dementia. The abuse of psychostimulants, such as cocaine, by HIV infected individuals, may accelerate and intensify neurological damage. On the other hand, exposure to Tat potentiates cocainemediated reward mechanisms, which further promotes HAND. Here, we show that didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA), an analog of a natural steroidal alkaloid, crosses the blood-brain barrier, cross-neutralizes Tat activit...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mediouni S, Jablonski J, Paris JJ, Clementz MA, Thenin-Houssier S, McLaughlin JP, Valente ST Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Characterization of HBV among HBV/HIV-1 co-infected Injecting Drug Users from Mombasa, Kenya.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV co-infection among HIV-infected IDUs in Mombasa, Kenya was 12.5%. Phylogenetically, sequences obtained from this study showed clusters that were distinct from reported Kenyan reference sequences from the Genbank. The findings point to an existence of a transmission network among IDUs in Mombasa. This further suggests that HBV genotypes in Kenya may be regionally diverse. PMID: 25613131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kibaya RM, Lihana RW, Lihana RW, Kiptoo M, Songok EM, Zipporah N, Osman S, Ishizaki A, Xiuqiong BI, Okoth FA, Ichimura H, Lwembe RM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Contribution of recombination to the evolutionary history of HIV
Purpose of review: An improved understanding of how recombination affects the evolutionary history of HIV is crucial to understand its current and future evolution. The present review aims to disentangle the manifold effects of recombination on HIV by discussing its effects on the evolutionary history and the adaptive potential of HIV in the context of concepts from evolutionary genetics and genomics. Recent findings: The increasing occurrence of secondary contacts between divergent subtype populations (during coinfection) results in increased observations of recombinants worldwide. Recombination is heterogeneous along the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 4, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: GENOMICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Amalio Telenti Source Type: research

Innate immune sensing of HIV-1 infection
Purpose of review: The innate immune system plays a critical role in the control of viral infections. Although the mechanisms involved in sensing and response to viral pathogens has progressed tremendously in the last decade, an understanding of the innate antiviral response to human retroviruses lagged behind. Recent studies now demonstrate that human retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) trigger a type I interferon antiviral response through novel cytosolic sensors that detect DNA intermediates of reverse transcription; in addition, these early host–p...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 4, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: GENOMICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Amalio Telenti Source Type: research

HIV-1 Tat Protein Exposure Potentiates Ethanol Reward and Reinstates Extinguished Ethanol-Conditioned Place.
Abstract Exposure to HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (Tat) protein potentiates the psychostimulant effects of cocaine, but the functional consequences of the interaction between HIV-1 Tat and other abused drugs is poorly understood. We hypothesized that exposure to HIV-1 Tat would potentiate the rewarding effects of ethanol. GT-tg transgenic mice, where Tat protein is conditionally expressed in brain by a doxycycline-dependent, GFAP-linked promoter, were used to test the effects of Tat on ethanol-conditioned place preference (CPP). Compared to uninduced littermates or doxycycline-treated C57BL/6J mice, Tat-...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: McLaughlin JP, Ganno ML, Eans SO, Mizrachi E, Paris JJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Chronic HIV-1 Tat and HIV reduce Rbfox3/NeuN: Evidence for sex-related effects.
Abstract The NeuN antibody has been widely used to identify and quantify neurons in normal and disease situations based on binding to a nuclear epitope in most types of neurons. This epitope was recently identified as the RNA-binding, feminizing locus on X-3 (Rbfox3), a member of the larger, mammalian Fox1 family of RNA binding proteins. Fox1 proteins recognize a unique UGCAUG mRNA motif and regulate alternative splicing of precursor mRNA to control post-transcriptional events important in neuronal differentiation and central nervous system development. Recent clinical findings show that Rbfox3/NeuN gene dosage is...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hahn YK, Masvekar RR, Xu R, Hauser KF, Knapp PE Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Mechanisms of HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity via CDK5 translocation and hyper-activation: role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Abstract The advent of more effective antiretroviral therapies has reduced the frequency of HIV dementia, however the prevalence of milder HIV associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND] is actually rising. Neurodegenerative mechanisms in HAND might include toxicity by secreted HIV-1 proteins such as Tat, gp120 and Nef that could activate neuro-inflammatory pathways, block autophagy, promote excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that Tat could interfere with several signal transduction mechanisms involved in cytoskeletal regula...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fields J, Dumaop W, Crews L, Adame A, Spencer B, Metcalf J, He J, Rockenstein E, Masliah E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Cortical consequences of HIV-1 Tat exposure in rats are enhanced by chronic cocaine.
Abstract The life span of individuals that are sero-positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has greatly improved; however, complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) remain a concern. While HIV does not directly infect neurons, the proteins produced by the virus, including HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat), are released from infected glia; these proteins can be neurotoxic. This neurotoxicity is thought to mediate the pathology underlying HIV-associated neurological impairments. Cocaine abuse is common among HIV infected individuals, and this abuse augments HIV-associated neurological ...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wayman WN, Chen L, Persons AL, Napier TC Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Redox-Driven Events in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and their Clinical Implications.
Abstract Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by the imbalance between the production of reactive species (RS) or free radicals and their neutralization by the antioxidant defenses, leading to the accumulation of RS and their derived metabolites, with changes in the redox status of the cell. These RS can act on biological components and induce the oxidative and nitrosative reactions on lipids, proteins, and DNA. In this context, a wide variety of chronic diseases presents oxidative stress as a part of the pathogenesis, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The relationship b...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Colado Simão AN, Victorino VJ, Morimoto HK, Reiche EM, Panis C Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis and Time Series Modeling Allow a Systematic Review of Primary HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean.
Abstract Here we review the prevalence of HIV-1 primary drug resistance in Latin America and Caribbean using meta-analysis as well as time-series modeling. We also discuss whether there could be a drawback to HIV/AIDS programs due to drug resistance in Latin America and Caribbean in the next years. We observed that, although some studies report low or moderate primary drug resistance prevalence in Caribbean countries, this evidence needs to be updated. In other countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, the prevalence of drug resistance appears to be rising. Mutations conferring resistance against reverse transcript...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 17, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Campos Coelho AV, De Moura RR, Da Silva RC, Kamada AJ, Guimarães RL, Cavalcanti Brandão LA, Campos Coelho HF, Crovella S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Correlates of Patient Retention in HIV Care and Treatment Programs in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: 3 out of 4 pre-ART patients and 1-in-4 ART patients were not retained in 37HIV treatment facilities in Nigeria. These findings provide insight that enables HIV programs integrate retention strategies at all stages of the HIV care continuum. PMID: 25777516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 17, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ugoji C, Okere N, Dakum P, Ake-Uzoigwe R, Igboelina D, Ndembi N, Ekong E, Charurat M, Blattner W Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Nef Promotes Expression of B-Lymphocyte Stimulator by Blood Dendritic Cells During HIV Infection in Humans
Dendritic cells (DCs) modulate B-cell survival and differentiation, mainly through production of growth factors such as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS; also known as "B-cell factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family" [BAFF]). We have recently shown that, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals with rapid and those with classic disease progression, B-cell dysregulations were associated with increased BLyS expression in plasma and by blood myeloid DCs (mDCs), in contrast to aviremic HIV-infected individuals with slow disease progression (also known as "elite controllers"). In previous work ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chagnon-Choquet, J., Gauvin, J., Roger, J., Fontaine, J., Poudrier, J., Roger, M., for the Montreal Primary HIV Infection and Slow Progressor Study Groups, for the Montreal Primary HIV Infection and Slow Progressor Study Groups, Vassal, Legault, Routy, Tr Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research

HIV-1 Early Infant Diagnosis is an Effective Indicator of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program Performance: Experience from Cameroon.
CONCLUSIONS: Using EID dataset, it appears that considerable reduction in HIV MTCT may be achievable through access to ARV (option B+) and adequate infant feeding option (especially FF) in Cameroon. EID programme is therefore an effective routine approach for PMTCT programme evaluation in resource-limited settings. PMID: 25845391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: SaoundeTemgoua EM, Nkenfou CN, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Fokam J, Billong SC, Sosso SM, Tangipumdu C, Elong EL, Domkan I, Colizzi V Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV type 1 subtype A1 dominates in Armenia.
CONCLUSIONS: The composition and distribution of HIV-1 genetic variants in Armenia is evidently influenced by the Russian and other FSU countries epidemic, due to the significant volume of Armenian migrant/re-emigrant flows. Continued surveillance of HIV-1 circulating subtypes and drug resistance in Armenia is important for the proper management of HIV infection in this country. PMID: 25845390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laga V, Vasilyev A, Lapovok I, Grigoryan S, Papoyan A, Glushchenko N, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Herpes Virus Entry Mediator, which Decreases in HIV Infection, Can Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Regulatory T Cell and Predict Recovery of CD4+T-cells During HAART.
In this study, we found that the blockage of the HVEM could weaken Tregs' suppressive activity to effector T cells (Teffs). HVEM expression is reduced during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection and fairly predictive of the recovery of CD4+T-cells in response to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), more so than nadir CD4+T-cell count or viral load. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of HVEM in relation to Treg function and HIV disease progression, which would have therapeutic implications and provide insight into the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID: ...
Source: Current HIV Research - April 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fu Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhao W, Liao C, Shang H Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research