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Economic and health implications from earlier detection of HIV infection in the United Kingdom
Conclusion: The results strengthen the rationale for implementing increased testing in high prevalence areas. However, in areas of low prevalence, it is unlikely that costs will be returned over a 5-year period. Keywords: HIV, testing, costs, savings, model
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - March 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Evaluating the role of atazanavir/cobicistat and darunavir/cobicistat fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of HIV-1 infection
Rustin D Crutchley,1 Rakesh C Guduru,2 Amy M Cheng1 1Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 2CompanionDX, Houston, TX, USA Abstract: Atazanavir/cobicistat (ATV/c) and darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) are newly approved once daily fixed-dose protease inhibitor combinations for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Studies in healthy volunteers have established bioequivalence between cobicistat and ritonavir as pharmacoenhancers of both atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV). In addition, two randomized clinical trials (one Phase II and one Phase III noninferiority trial...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - March 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Clinical utility of dronabinol in the treatment of weight loss associated with HIV and AIDS
Melissa E Badowski,1 Sarah E Perez2 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Infectious Diseases Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, weight loss has been a common complaint for patients. The use of various definitions defining HIV wasting syndrome has made it difficult to determine its actual prevalence. Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, it is estimated that the prevalence of HIV wasting syndrome is between 14% and 38%. H...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - February 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece
Conclusion: HIV-1 infection in southwestern Greece is sexually transmitted and highly heterogeneous. Subtype A1 has surpassed subtype B, and is the most prevalent strain. In the population studied, subtype A1 exhibited certain polymorphisms in the protease region, which may serve as drug-resistance support mutations in subtype B. Keywords: HIV-1 infection, transmission, subtype, sequence, genetic signatures, epidemiology
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - December 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Factors associated with HIV counseling and testing and correlations with sexual behavior of teachers in primary and secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Conclusion: No significant differences were observed between primary and secondary school teachers regarding factors associated with HCT and its correlation with sexual behavior. Gender, age, marital status, knowledge of HCT, and perceived risk were found to be factors associated with HCT uptake. Correlations between being faithful to a partner, inconsistent use of condoms, and HCT uptake of teachers were also observed. Thus, strengthening the current practice of HCT services in the education sector with due emphasis on the observed factors could play a pivotal role in bringing about positive changes in the sexual behavior...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - June 30, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Magnitude of HIV and syphilis seroprevalence among pregnant women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis was high. Low husband educational status was a risk factor for HIV and syphilis. Therefore, substantial efforts have to be made to reinforce prevention strategies and to screen as early as possible to prevent mother-to-child and further horizontal transmission. Keywords: HIV, magnitude, seroprevalence, syphilis
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - June 2, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Factors affecting acceptance of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling services among outpatient clients in selected health facilities in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Conclusion: There is evidence of the relatively increased acceptability of PITC services by outpatient department clients. A program needs to be strengthened to enhance the use of PITC; the Ministry of Health, Regional Health Bureau, and other responsible bodies – including health facilities – should design and strengthen information education and communication/behavioral change and communication interventions and promote activities related to PITC and HIV counseling and testing in both health facilities and the community at large. Keywords: PITC, outpatient clients, Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - May 15, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk profiles of patients attending an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe
Danai Tavonga Zhou,1,2 Vitaris Kodogo,1 Kudzai Fortunate Vongai Chokuona,1 Exnevia Gomo,1 Olav Oektedalen,3 Babill Stray-Pedersen21Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Zimbabwe; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, University in Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayAbstract: The chronic inflammation induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contributes to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in HIV-infected individuals. HIV-infected patients generally benefit from ...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - May 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for sexually-acquired HIV risk management: a review
James Wilton,1 Heather Senn,2 Malika Sharma,3 Darrell HS Tan4,5 1Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE), 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 3Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4Division of Infectious Diseases, St Michael's Hospital, 5Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Abstract: Despite significant efforts, the rate of new HIV infections worldwide remains unacceptably high, highlighting the need for new HIV prevention strategies. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new approach tha...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - April 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Consistent condom use in HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in northwestern Ethiopia: implication to reduce transmission and multiple infections
Conclusion: Females, patients living in rural areas, uneducated groups, and new ART users were less likely to use condoms consistently. The importance of consistent condom use should be well-addressed in HIV/AIDS patients, to prevent transmission and multiple infections of HIV. Keywords: barrier method against HIV, patients on ART, Ethiopia
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - April 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric HIV/AIDS: current perspectives
Charlotte Blokhuis,1 Neeltje A Kootstra,2 Matthan WA Caan,3 Dasja Pajkrt1 1Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, 2Department of Experimental Immunology, 3Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Abstract: The effects of HIV on the developing nervous system of perinatally HIV (PHIV)-infected children are substantial, yet poorly understood. While the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduced the prevalence of HIV encephalopathy, many cART-treated PHIV-infected children still present with neurodevelopmen...
Source: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine - January 13, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine Source Type: research
Neuropsychological profile in a specific cohort of HIV patients infected postnatally: a cross-sectional study
Silvia Riva,1,2 Ilaria Cutica,1 Gabriella Pravettoni1,3 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 2Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 3European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy Abstract: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) are one of the most important complications of HIV infection reported in the current literature. Although HANDs have been closely studied in vertically infected HIV populations or in specific subgroups such as drug abusers or homosexuals, they have been completely understudied in hemophilia patients with HIV, infected ...
Source: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine - October 9, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine Source Type: research
Strategies to target non-T-cell HIV reservoirs
Purpose of review: A central question for the HIV cure field is to determine new ways to target clinically relevant, latently and actively replicating HIV-infected cells beyond resting memory CD4+ T cells, particularly in anatomical areas of low drug penetrability.
Recent findings: HIV eradication strategies being positioned for targeting HIV for extinction in the CD4+ T-cell compartment may also show promise in non-CD4+ T-cells reservoirs. Furthermore, several exciting novel therapeutic approaches specifically focused on HIV clearance from non-CD4+ T-cell populations are being developed.
Summary: Although reservoir vali...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research
Diversity of HIV-1 reservoirs in CD4+ T-cell subpopulations
Purpose of review: HIV-1 is able to create lasting reservoirs of virally infected cells that persist life-long and are extremely difficult to eradicate, thus necessitating indefinite antiretroviral therapy. Large numbers of studies suggest that CD4+ T cells represent the major, and possibly the only cell type supporting HIV-1 long-term persistence. However, the ability to serve as long-term viral reservoirs may be confined to certain subpopulations of CD4+ T cells with specific functional and developmental characteristics that HIV-1 can selectively exploit to propagate long-term viral survival within the host. Identificati...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research
Preclinical shock strategies to reactivate latent HIV-1: an update
Purpose of review: The ‘shock and kill’ strategy consists of activating HIV-1 expression to allow latently infected cells to die from viral cytopathic effects or host cytolytic immune effectors. This strategy relies on small molecules, called latency reversing agents, which activate HIV transcription.
Recent findings: Several mechanisms operating at the transcriptional level are involved in the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency, including the absence of crucial inducible host transcription factors, epigenetic silencing, and the sequestration of the positive transcription elongation factor B. Progresses ma...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research
