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Current assessment of heart rate variability and QTc interval length in HIV/AIDS
Purpose of review: The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease comorbidity in persons infected with the HIV has become a global concern. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is increasingly being utilized to provide clinically relevant information regarding cardiac arrhythmias and cardio-autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research comparing QT and R-to-R interval length as a function of HIV+ status or antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Recent findings: Prolongation of the corrected QTc interval may be acquired in HIV+ ART-naive individuals, exacerbated by various classes of ART ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease in HIV
Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize recent data on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in HIV-infected individuals. Recent findings: Recent studies in the field demonstrate an increasing impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on morbidity and mortality in HIV relative to AIDS-related diagnoses. Studies continue to support an approximately 1.5 to two-fold increased risk of IHD conferred by HIV, with specific risk varying by sex and virologic/immunologic status. Risk factors include both traditional CVD risk factors and novel, HIV-specific factors including inflammation and immu...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

HIV and myocarditis
Purpose of review: The purpose of this article is to review the literature on HIV and myocarditis and HIV-associated heart failure. Recent findings: Currently, 17 million people are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally. There is a decrease in mortality from HIV in the last decade with increased survival in those receiving ART. HIV-associated cardiac failure is on the increase, with more cases of diastolic dysfunction reported in the ART era. The pathophysiology of HIV-associated myocarditis is multifactorial. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), through tissue characterization, demonstrates increased native...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV in Tanah Papua, Indonesia: Field Trial to Assess Acceptability and Feasibility.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings point to both opportunity and significant challenges in introducing VMMC on a large scale in Tanah Papua, Indonesia. Although there were enough promising signs in the qualitative research and in the limited-scale implementation trial undertaken to remain optimistic as to the potential for VMMC to help contain HIV in Tanah Papua, much remains to be done to promote the benefits of VMMC and address lingering concerns as to safety and religious appropriateness., An acceleration of the pace of task-shifting from physicians to nurses will be needed in order for VMMC to be feasible for implementati...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 5, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ansari MR, Lazuardi E, Wignall FS, Karma C, Sumule SA, Nadia S, Magnani R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Construction and Production of HIV-VLP harboring MPER-V3 for potential vaccine study.
In this study, we used fusion gene of MPER and V3 to product recombinant VLPs and introduced a novel retroviral VLPs harboring high copy of MPER-V3 for HIV-1 vaccine design. The pEGFP-N1 plasmid harboring MPER-V3 sequence with Vpr linker was constructed. To produce virus-like particles, HEK 293T cells were co-transfected with the recombinant plasmid, pSPAX-2, pMD2-G and pWPXLd plasmids, evaluated by AFM and SEM microscopy and quantified using P24 end-point ELISA assay. Time-course quantification of p24 protein as the characteristics of viral production evidenced for the efficient secretion of virus-like structures (up to 1...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fatemeh T, Mehdi SS, Azam B, Ramin Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Direct-acting antivirals for HIV/HCV co-infected individuals: as good as it gets?
Abstract Although HIV/HCV co-infected individuals were historically considered a "difficult to treat" population in the era of Interferon (IFN)-based anti-HCV treatment, the introduction of direct-acting antivirals, characterized by excellent efficacy and good safety profile, has widely revolutionized the HCV treatment scenario. Recent real life studies reported excellent sustained virological response rates in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects, thus confirming data obtained in randomized clinical trials. However, certain issues have recently emerged in this population. In fact, high rates of acute HCV infection and re...
Source: Current HIV Research - November 8, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bruno G, Saracino A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Detailed Molecular Surveillance of the HIV-1 Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Athens During a Period of Four Years.
CONCLUSION: HIV transmissions within subtype A1 and CRF35_AD LTNs increased sharply during the early stage of the outbreak, in contrast to subtype B and CRF14_BG. A significant reduction in the number of infections was estimated on all transmission networks from the beginning of 2013 onwards. Prevention measures that took place in the Athens Metropolitan Area at the end of 2012 including also the ARISTOTLE program may explain this decrease. PMID: 29165088 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kostaki E, Magiorkinis G, Psichogiou M, Flampouris A, Iliopoulos P, Papachristou E, Daikos GL, Bonovas S, Otelea D, Friedman SR, Hatzakis A, Paraskevis D Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: A Thorough Review, Present Status and Future Perspective as HIV Therapeutics.
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a severe fatal viral infection that has claimed approximately 658,507 lives in the US within the year 2010-2014. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has proven to inhibit HIV-1, but unlike other viral illness, not cure the infection. Among various Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ARVs, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are most effective in limiting HIV-1 infection. This review focuses on NRTIs mechanism of action and metabolism. We have also outlined the current class...
Source: Current HIV Research - November 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Holec AD, Mandal S, Prathipati PK, Destache CJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Association between LTF Polymorphism and Risk of HIV-1 Transmission Among Zambian Seropositive Mothers.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that maternal LTF genetic background contributes to the susceptibility to HIV-1 transmission from mother to new-borns. PMID: 29165086 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zupin L, Polesello V, Segat L, Kamada AJ, Kuhn L, Crovella S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Host factors predictors in long-term nonprogressors HIV-1 infected with distinct viral clades.
CONCLUSION: In this LTNP series case we observed different host factors that may be contributing to their nonprogressor status, and the association of these factors with the control of infection progression may be critically important for future therapeutic and prophylactic options in HIV-1 infection. PMID: 29210660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 6, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Santos JS, Almeida SM, Silveira GF, Bordignon J, Teixeira SL, Lima A, Raboni SM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Immunoglobulin in Acute HIV Infection and the HIV Reservoir Immunoglobulin in Acute HIV Infection and the HIV Reservoir
Could the addition of IVIG to ART impact the HIV reservoir in acute HIV infection?HIV Medicine
Source: Medscape Hiv-Aids Headlines - January 11, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS Journal Article Source Type: news

HIV-related cardiovascular disease: closing the gap in mortality
This series of review articles outlines the complex cause of HIV-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) particularly the interactions of viral factors, complications of antiviral therapy such as metabolic derangement, and chronic systemic inflammation. These factors, directly stemming from chronic HIV infection, are important in the pathogenesis of HIV-related CVD. Addressing each issue has likely underpinned the improved morbidity and increased life expectancy enjoyed by patients in the modern era of HIV management. The global management of HIV-related CVD may, however, be simpler than previously imagined, as the disease ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Current assessment of heart rate variability and QTc interval length in HIV/AIDS
Purpose of review The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease comorbidity in persons infected with the HIV has become a global concern. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is increasingly being utilized to provide clinically relevant information regarding cardiac arrhythmias and cardio-autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research comparing QT and R-to-R interval length as a function of HIV+ status or antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Recent findings Prolongation of the corrected QTc interval may be acquired in HIV+ ART-naive individuals, exacerbated by various classes of AR...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease in HIV
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize recent data on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in HIV-infected individuals. Recent findings Recent studies in the field demonstrate an increasing impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on morbidity and mortality in HIV relative to AIDS-related diagnoses. Studies continue to support an approximately 1.5 to two-fold increased risk of IHD conferred by HIV, with specific risk varying by sex and virologic/immunologic status. Risk factors include both traditional CVD risk factors and novel, HIV-specific factors including inflammation and im...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

HIV and myocarditis
Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to review the literature on HIV and myocarditis and HIV-associated heart failure. Recent findings Currently, 17 million people are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally. There is a decrease in mortality from HIV in the last decade with increased survival in those receiving ART. HIV-associated cardiac failure is on the increase, with more cases of diastolic dysfunction reported in the ART era. The pathophysiology of HIV-associated myocarditis is multifactorial. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), through tissue characterization, demonstrates increased nati...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research