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Total 4640167 results found since Jan 2013.
B-cell abnormalities and impact on antibody response in HIV infection
Purpose of review: The purpose of the present review is to provide an update on the current development in the field of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNabs) and their potential use in the prevention and therapeutic settings, and an evaluation of the B-cell abnormalities that may impair antibody responses in HIV infection.
Recent findings: Major advances have been achieved in the characterization of bNabs directed against different vulnerable regions of HIV Envelope (Env). Recent observations have clearly demonstrated the ability of bNabs to prevent HIV infection in the nonhuman primate model of HIV infection and to sup...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research
How HIV-1 entry mechanism and broadly neutralizing antibodies guide structure-based vaccine design
Purpose of review: An HIV-1 vaccine that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains to be developed. Here, we review how knowledge of bNAbs and HIV-1 entry mechanism is guiding the structure-based design of vaccine immunogens and immunization regimens.
Recent findings: Isolation of bNAbs from HIV-1-infected donors has led to an unprecedented understanding of the sites of vulnerability that these antibodies target on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) as well as of the immunological pathways that these antibody lineages follow to develop broad and potent neutralization. Sites of vulnerability, however, reside in the con...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research
Intrastructural help: improving the HIV-1 envelope antibody response induced by virus-like particle vaccines
Purpose of review: The importance of IgG Fc-effector functions for the efficacy of HIV vaccines is increasingly recognized. Although different types of vaccines were shown to induce antibodies with different Fc-activities, there is no clear strategy how to raise antibody responses with a desired pattern of Fc-effector functions. Given the central role of T-helper cells in regulating the germinal center reaction and the differentiation of B cells in an antigen-specific manner, the review will discuss whether T-helper cells directed against non-HIV envelope (Env) antigens could be harnessed to improve the HIV-Env antibody re...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research
Progress in HIV-1 antibody research using humanized mice
Purpose of review: Recent discoveries of highly potent broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies provide new opportunities to successfully prevent, treat, and potentially cure HIV-1 infection. To test their activity in vivo, humanized mice have been shown to be a powerful model and were used to investigate antibody-mediated prevention and therapy approaches. In this review, we will summarize recent findings in humanized mice that have informed on the potential use of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1 in humans.
Recent findings: Humanized mouse models have been used to demonstrate the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1 ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research
HLA-C single nucleotide polymorphism associated with increased viral load level in HIV-1 infected individuals from Northeast Brazil.
Abstract
In our study we analyzed genetic variations in Human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C), Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 (ZNRD1) and its antisense RNA (ZNRD1-AS1) genes, known to influence the HIV-1 replication and disease progression. We evaluated the distribution of HLA-C (rs10484554, rs9264942) and ZNRD1 (rs8321) and ZNRD1-AS1 (rs3869068), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 266 HIV-1-infected and 223 unexposed-uninfected individuals from Northeast Brazil. HLA-C SNPs were in Linkage Disequilibrium (D'=0.84), constituting four possible haplotypes. Our results showed that HLA-C, ZNRD1 and ZNRD1-AS1 SNPs a...
Source: Current HIV Research - May 11, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Celerino da Silva R, Rodrigues de Moura R, Victor Campos Coelho A, Cláudio Arraes L, André Cavalcanti Brandão L, Crovella S, Lima Guimarães R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV/AIDS Securitization: Outcomes and Current Challenges.
CONCLUSION: We provided an overview of HIV/AIDS securitization, followed by a discussion of the impact of securitization on peacekeeping personnel and uniformed services. We also reviewed the United States Government's response to securitization and potential risks and benefits of securitization.
PMID: 28521723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shadyab AH, Hale BR, Shaffer RA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
The role of IL-27 and its receptor in the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS and anti-viral immune response.
CONCLUSION: IL-27 signaling (IL-27 and its receptor) may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients who underwent HAART. IL-27 may exert effects through regulating Th1 / Th2 ratio.
PMID: 28521720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zheng YH, Xiao SL, He B, He Y, Zhou HY, Chen Z, He M, Wang HY, Lin YH, Cao J Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Analysis of Site Heterogeneity and HIV Outcomes Across Rural and Urban Study Sites in Phidisa II - A Multi-site Randomized Controlled Antiretroviral Treatment Trial in a South African Military Cohort.
CONCLUSION: Site heterogeneity was found in primary clinical outcomes of mortality and AIDS event rates, but there were no clear patterns for differences between the rural versus urban sites. Site differences were also found in the proportion of confirmed AIDS events. Factors within study sites that may have contributed to poorer outcomes need further investigation.
PMID: 28521717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Steytler J, Shaw PA, Pau AK, Khabo P, Joshi G, Oelofse P, Phidisa 2 Study Team Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Conducting HIV Seroprevalence and Behavioral Epidemiology Risk Surveys (SABERS) Among Partner Military Populations.
CONCLUSION: This paper describes the methodology used to plan, adapt, implement and report SABERS studies.
PMID: 28521715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Macera CA, Ito SI, Hale BR, Shaffer RA, Thomas AG, Dickieson J Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
High Incidence of Infections in HIV-positive Patients Treated for Lymphoproliferative Disorders.
CONCLUSION: HIV positive patients receiving treatment for lymphoproliferative disorders suffer from a high incidence of infections and associated mortality risk. Tailored secondary prophylaxis is beneficial and should be considered in this setting.
PMID: 28558641 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 30, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Calcagno A, Lucchini A, Caracciolo D, Balbiano R, Bracchi M, Sordella F, Gregori G, Lipani F, Audagnotto S, Chiriotto M, Cavaglià G, Ghisetti V, Di Perri G, Bonora S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Milk Donor Blood Screening for HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B markers in a Brazilian Human Milk Bank: Prevalence time-trends over the 2005-2015 period.
CONCLUSION: High prevalence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B was found for the 2005-2015 period among breastfeeding mothers who offered to donate their exceeding milk to a human milk bank in Brazil. Despite apparent elimination of the HIV by the end of the period, the decline was not statistically significant. There was no significant change in the acute hepatitis B prevalence over time but the syphilis prevalence increase in the most recent period was statistically significant.
PMID: 28685670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kupek E, Savi EO Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV Drug Resistance Testing in a Resource Limited Setting with high Viral Diversity: The first Twenty Eight Months Experience.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that a group of patients with antiretroviral therapy failure harbored multi-drug resistance mutations related to the majority of drugs in the first line regimen. Therefore, HIV resistance testing could be a useful tool to improve HIV care in resource limited settings like Cameroon where treatment options are limited.
PMID: 28745207 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 25, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ngo-Malabo ET, Ngoupo PA, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Akongnwi E, Banaï R, Ngono L, Njouom R, Bilong-Bilong CF, Kfutwah A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV Type 1 Integrase Natural Polymorphisms in Viral Variants Circulating in FSU Countries.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest a very low risk of initiating INSTI-based therapy in patients with pre-existing polymorphic mutations in Russia and FSU countries. The therapy response in dominating HIV-1 genetic variants might be further studied in the future for a better understanding of their effect on INSTI susceptibility. The INSTI TDR is absent for the moment, but the risk may increase with expanded use of INSTIs, indicating the need for ongoing surveillance.
PMID: 28814231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - August 15, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lapovok I, Laga V, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Impact of high protein intake on viral load and hematological parameters in HIV-infected patients.
CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence for an association between plasma L-lysine level and viral load. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenic impact of animal protein and L-lysine consumption on the HIV-1 RNA levels and must be considered in further research for the development of new approaches in the treatment of HIV infection in era of HAART.
PMID: 28969557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 2, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Butorov EV Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-related cardiovascular disease: closing the gap in mortality
This series of review articles outlines the complex cause of HIV-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) particularly the interactions of viral factors, complications of antiviral therapy such as metabolic derangement, and chronic systemic inflammation. These factors, directly stemming from chronic HIV infection, are important in the pathogenesis of HIV-related CVD. Addressing each issue has likely underpinned the improved morbidity and increased life expectancy enjoyed by patients in the modern era of HIV management. The global management of HIV-related CVD may, however, be simpler than previously imagined, as the disease ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research
