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The Potential Role of T Helper Cell 22 and IL-22 in Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Conclusion
Recent evidence shows changes in frequency and function of Th22 and its cytokine IL-22 in patients with MS, which suggests a potential relationship between Th22 cells, IL-22 levels, and the development and disease course of MS and its response to treatment. How Th22 cells and IL-22 levels affect the disease course of MS requires further elucidation. Additional studies on the immunopathogenesis of MS, specifically the roles Th22 cells and IL-22 cytokines may play in disease progression, are warranted and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for treating neuro-inflammatory diseases, such as MS...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - August 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Demyelinating Disease Genetics Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Review interleukin-22 T helper 22 Source Type: research
Cryptococcal Meningitis and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Taking Natalizumab (P01.179)
CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab is often used in MS patients who have had an inadequate response to or are unable to tolerate an alternate MS therapy. However, natalizumab use has been associated with potentially fatal complications like PML. As of March 2012, approximately 99,600 patients have received natalizumab with 242 confirmed cases of PML worldwide. Data on the phase III clinical trial on natalizumab safety and efficacy in RR-MS yielded no information about cryptococcal meningitis as an adverse event of treatment. Although information is lacking regarding recommendations for treating natalizumab-associated cryptococcal me...
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Valenzuela, R., Pula, J., Garwacki, D., Kattah, J. Tags: P01 Multiple Sclerosis: Treatment Safety Source Type: research
Multiple sclerosis appears to originate in different part of brain than long believed
The search for the cause of multiple sclerosis, a debilitating disease that affects up to a half million people in the United States, has confounded researchers and medical professionals for generations. But Steven Schutzer, a physician and scientist at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, has now found an important clue why progress has been slow - it appears that most research on the origins of MS has focused on the wrong part of the brain. Look more to the gray matter, the new findings published in the journal PLOS ONE suggest, and less to the white...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - September 13, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Multiple Sclerosis Source Type: news
Risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome in multiple sclerosis - a systematic review
This study aimed to systematically review the literature linking MS to CVD risks and to the risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome. This systematic review is based on a comprehensive literature search of six databases (Swemed+, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro and CINAHL). In total 34 studies were identified. Despite the high number of identified papers, only limited and inconsistent data exist on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and MS. Overall, the data suggest an increased CVD risk in pMS. From the existing studies it is not clear whether the increased risk of CVD is related to an increased risk of ob...
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - October 16, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Wens, I., Dalgas, U., Stenager, E., Eijnde, B. O. Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research
Summary of evidence-based guideline: Complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
Objective:
To develop evidence-based recommendations for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
We searched the literature (1970–March 2011; March 2011–September 2013 MEDLINE search), classified articles, and linked recommendations to evidence.
Results and recommendations:
Clinicians might offer oral cannabis extract for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level A). Clinicians might offer tetrahydrocannabinol for spasticity symptoms and pain (excluding central neuropathic pain) (Level B). Clinicians should counsel patients that these ag...
Source: Neurology - March 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yadav, V., Bever, C., Bowen, J., Bowling, A., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Cameron, M., Bourdette, D., Gronseth, G. S., Narayanaswami, P. Tags: Multiple sclerosis SPECIAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors in multiple sclerosis
Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors.
Objectives:
A comprehensive understanding of the role of pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors can provide insights into disease mechanisms, and new therapeutic developments and can provide improved patient care and treatment.
Methods:
Based on an international conference of experts and a comprehensive PubMed search for publications on these areas in MS, we provide a review of what is known about the impact of these factors on disease demographics, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical course and outcomes.
Results and conclusions:
R...
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - April 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Miller, D. H., Fazekas, F., Montalban, X., Reingold, S. C., Trojano, M. Tags: Topical Reviews Source Type: research
Risk evaluation and monitoring in multiple sclerosis therapeutics
Conclusions:
It is difficult to produce a general risk-assessment algorithm for all MS therapies. Specific algorithms are required for each DMT in every treated-patient population. New and evolving risks must be evaluated and communicated rapidly to allow patients and physicians to be well informed and able to share treatment decisions.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - August 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Clanet, M. C., Wolinsky, J. S., Ashton, R. J., Hartung, H.-P., Reingold, S. C. Tags: Meeting Review Source Type: research
Blood miRNA expression pattern is a possible risk marker for natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients
Conclusions:
Natalizumab modified the expression levels of three miRNAs after a 6-month treatment. We suggest miR-320, miR-320b and miR-629 as possible biomarkers for individual PML risk assessment.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - December 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Munoz-Culla, M., Irizar, H., Castillo-Trivino, T., Saenz-Cuesta, M., Sepulveda, L., Lopetegi, I., de Munain, A. L., Olascoaga, J., Baranzini, S., Otaegui, D. Tags: Research Papers Source Type: research
Axonal conduction in multiple sclerosis: A combined magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological study of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
Conclusions:
Axonal conduction velocity through lesions involving the MLF was reduced below levels predicted for natively myelinated and remyelinated axons. Composite in vivo biomarkers enable delineation of axonal from myelin processes and may provide a crucial role in assessing efficacy of novel reparative therapies in MS.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - May 29, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang, C., Paling, D., Chen, L., Hatton, S. N., Lagopoulos, J., Aw, S. T., Kiernan, M. C., Barnett, M. H. Tags: Original Research Papers Source Type: research
Development and validation of an administrative data algorithm to estimate the disease burden and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Ontario, Canada
Conclusions:
MS patients can be accurately identified from administrative data. Our findings illustrated a rising prevalence of MS over time. MS incidence rates also appear to be rising since 2009.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - July 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Widdifield, J., Ivers, N. M., Young, J., Green, D., Jaakkimainen, L., Butt, D. A., O'Connor, P., Hollands, S., Tu, K. Tags: Original Research Papers Source Type: research
miRNA in multiple sclerosis: search for novel biomarkers
A major challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS) is to develop biomarkers that could help in understanding individual MS patients, i.e. whether they are a responder or non-responder to therapy, which medicine is more effective, and the degree to which they may be entering the progressive phase of disease. In the last few years, a lot of attention has been drawn toward identification of diagnostic, prognostic, process-specific, and treatment-related biomarkers for MS. In this review, we will focus on the micro RNAs (miRNAs) as potential candidates for MS biomarkers.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - July 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Gandhi, R. Tags: Topical Review Source Type: research
Comparative efficacy of interferon {beta} versus glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Interferon β (INFβ) and glatiramer acetate (GA) are widely used in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, it is still unclear whether they have different efficacy. We performed a systematic search of head-to-head trials for gaining objective reliable data to compare the two drugs, using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. We identified five randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) (2858 participants) comparing directly INFβ versus GA in RRMS. All studies were at high risk for attrition bias. Both therapies showed similar efficacy at 24 months, considering clinical (pa...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - August 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: La Mantia, L., Di Pietrantonj, C., Rovaris, M., Rigon, G., Frau, S., Berardo, F., Gandini, A., Longobardi, A., Weinstock-Guttman, B., Vaona, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research
Effects of diazoxide in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind phase 2 clinical trial
Conclusion:
At the doses tested, oral diazoxide did not decrease the appearance of new lesions evident by MRI. The effects in slowing the progression of brain atrophy require further validation.
Classification of evidence:
This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with RRMS, diazoxide (0.3 and 4 mg/d) does not significantly change the number of new MRI T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 10, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Villoslada, P., Rovira, A., Montalban, X., Arroyo, R., Paul, F., Meca-Lallana, V., Ramo, C., Fernandez, O., Saiz, A., Garcia-Merino, A., Ramio-Torrenta, L., Casanova, B., Oreja-Guevara, C., Munoz, D., Martinez-Rodriguez, J. E., Lensch, E., Prieto, J. M., Tags: Clinical trials Randomized controlled (CONSORT agreement), Multiple sclerosis, MRI, Volumetric MRI, Class I Article Source Type: research
Twin studies in multiple sclerosis: A meta-estimation of heritability and environmentality
Conclusion:
Our results support the continuing efforts to identify unknown genetic factors that fill the gap of ‘missing heritability’; moreover, a ‘missing environmentality’ deserves future investigations into the role of non-heritable components that act as both shared and individual-specific exposures.
Source: Multiple Sclerosis - October 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Fagnani, C., Neale, M. C., Nistico, L., Stazi, M. A., Ricigliano, V. A., Buscarinu, M. C., Salvetti, M., Ristori, G. Tags: Original Research Papers Source Type: research
Social cognition in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions:
Social cognitive deficits are an overlooked but potentially important aspect of cognitive impairment in MS with potential prognostic significance for social functioning and quality of life. Further research is required to clarify the longitudinal course of social cognitive dysfunction, its association with MS disease characteristics and neurocognitive impairment, and the MS-specific neurologic damage underlying these deficits.
Source: Neurology - October 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Cotter, J., Firth, J., Enzinger, C., Kontopantelis, E., Yung, A. R., Elliott, R., Drake, R. J. Tags: Multiple sclerosis VIEWS & amp;amp; REVIEWS Source Type: research
