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RNA Repair: Hiding in Plain Sight
Annu Rev Genet. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-021856. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnzymes that phosphorylate, dephosphorylate, and ligate RNA 5' and 3' ends were discovered more than half a century ago and were eventually shown to repair purposeful site-specific endonucleolytic breaks in the RNA phosphodiester backbone. The pace of discovery and characterization of new candidate RNA repair activities in taxa from all phylogenetic domains greatly exceeds our understanding of the biological pathways in which they act. The key questions anent RNA break repair in vivo are (a) identifying the triggers, agents...
Source: Annual Review of Genetics - September 18, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Stewart Shuman Source Type: research

Anti-inflammatory potential of ulvan
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 16:126936. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126936. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGreen seaweeds are a widespread group of marine macroalgae that could be regarded as biorenewable source of valuable compounds, in particular sulfated polysaccharides like ulvans with interesting biological properties. Among them, anti-inflammatory activity represents an interesting target, since ulvans could potentially avoid side effects of conventional therapies. However, a great variability in ulvan content, composition, structure and properties occurs depending on seaweed specie and growth and processing conditi...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Noelia Fl órez-Fernández Arianna Rodr íguez-Coello Thomas Latire Nathalie Bourgougnon M Dolores Torres Manuela Buj án Alexandra Mu íños Antonio Mui ños Rosa Meijide-Fa ílde Francisco J Blanco Carlos Vaamonde-Garc ía Herminia Dom ínguez Source Type: research

HDAC inhibitors: Promising agents for leukemia treatment
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Sep 14;680:61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe essential role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of a series of cancers have gradually been recognized. Histone deacetylase (HDACs), as well-known epigenetic modulators, are responsible for DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Studies have shown that aberrant expression of HDACs is found in many cancer types. Thus, inhibition of HDACs has provided a promising therapeutic approach alternative for these patients. Since HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat was ...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yun Deng Qian Cheng Jing He Source Type: research

Protective effect of cornuside on OGD/R injury in SH-SY5Y cells and its underlying mechanism
In this study, we treated SH-SY5Y cells with OGD/R to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed genes were analyzed in the OGD/R group versus the OGD/R + Cornuside (10 μmol/L) group to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of Cornuside. The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in apoptosis signaling pathway, cell cycle, DNA damage and repair, and p38/JNK MAPK and p53 signaling pathways. The results showed that OGD/R significantly reduced the survival of SH-SY5Y cells, induced apoptosis, disrupted the nucleus, promoted the release o...
Source: Brain Research - September 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xinyu Wang Chao Yan Chaoyun Wang Xiaoyan Xu Zhihao Liu Wang Xin Jianwei Gong Source Type: research

Platelet-rich fibrin and titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin in endoperio lesion management
Bioinformation. 2023 Jan 31;19(1):133-137. doi: 10.6026/97320630019133. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTEndo-perio lesions involve a variety of therapy choices that will lead to the best possible elimination of infection. Various therapy approaches have been investigated for curing of patients affected by endo-perio abnormalities. One of the second-generation platelet derivatives is plasma enriched with platelet (PRP).They may aid in the healing of wounds. Enhanced with platelets cells and several growth factors, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) promotes repair and healing and regeneration of tissue at the periapical area. Platelet cel...
Source: Bioinformation - September 18, 2023 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Balram Choudhary Komal Goswami Bhumika J Patel Ansee R Vaghani Dhurubatha J Nishita Grandhi Ramanpal Singh Makkad Source Type: research

RNA Repair: Hiding in Plain Sight
Annu Rev Genet. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-021856. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnzymes that phosphorylate, dephosphorylate, and ligate RNA 5' and 3' ends were discovered more than half a century ago and were eventually shown to repair purposeful site-specific endonucleolytic breaks in the RNA phosphodiester backbone. The pace of discovery and characterization of new candidate RNA repair activities in taxa from all phylogenetic domains greatly exceeds our understanding of the biological pathways in which they act. The key questions anent RNA break repair in vivo are (a) identifying the triggers, agents...
Source: Annual Review of Genetics - September 18, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Stewart Shuman Source Type: research

Platelet-rich fibrin and titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin in endoperio lesion management
Bioinformation. 2023 Jan 31;19(1):133-137. doi: 10.6026/97320630019133. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTEndo-perio lesions involve a variety of therapy choices that will lead to the best possible elimination of infection. Various therapy approaches have been investigated for curing of patients affected by endo-perio abnormalities. One of the second-generation platelet derivatives is plasma enriched with platelet (PRP).They may aid in the healing of wounds. Enhanced with platelets cells and several growth factors, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) promotes repair and healing and regeneration of tissue at the periapical area. Platelet cel...
Source: Bioinformation - September 18, 2023 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Balram Choudhary Komal Goswami Bhumika J Patel Ansee R Vaghani Dhurubatha J Nishita Grandhi Ramanpal Singh Makkad Source Type: research

Hiatal hernia repair with biosynthetic mesh reinforcement: a qualitative systematic review
ConclusionThe use of biosynthetic mesh is safe and effective for hiatal hernia repair with low complications rates and high symptom resolution. The reported recurrence rates are highly variable due to significant heterogeneity in defining and evaluating recurrences. Further randomized controlled trials with larger samples and long-term follow-up should be performed to better analyze outcomes and recurrence rates.
Source: Surgical Endoscopy - September 18, 2023 Category: Surgery Source Type: research

Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 18th 2023
Fight Aging! publishes news and commentary relevant to the goal of ending all age-related disease, to be achieved by bringing the mechanisms of aging under the control of modern medicine. This weekly newsletter is sent to thousands of interested subscribers. To subscribe or unsubscribe from the newsletter, please visit: https://www.fightaging.org/newsletter/ Longevity Industry Consulting Services Reason, the founder of Fight Aging! and Repair Biotechnologies, offers strategic consulting services to investors, entrepreneurs, and others interested in the longevity industry and its complexities. To find out m...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 17, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs

Programming schistosomes - a crisper approach to transgenesis
This study outlines a promising strategy for functional genomics to study this parasite that causes a debilitating and neglected tropical disease.PMID:37718190 | DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2023.09.003
Source: Trends in Parasitology - September 17, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Bernd H Kalinna Source Type: research

New algorithm for the analysis of nucleotide and amino acid evolutionary relationships based on Klein four-group
We present a Klein four-group algorithm (K4A) for the evolutionary analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Klein four-group set of operators consists of: identity e (U), and three elements-a = transition (C), b = transversion (G) and c = transition-transversion or complementarity (A). We generated Klein four-group based distance matrices of: 1. Cayley table (CK4), 2. Table rows (K4R), 3. Table columns (K4C), and 4. Euclidean 2D distance (K4E). The performance of the matrices was tested on a dataset of RecA proteins in bacteria, eukaryotes (Rad51 homolog) and archaea (RadA homolog). RecA and its functional homologs...
Source: Biosystems - September 17, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Nikola Štambuk Pa ško Konjevoda Krunoslav Br čić-Kostić Josip Bakovi ć Albert Štambuk Source Type: research

Resolvin D2-GPR18 Enhances Bone Marrow Function and Limits Steatosis and Hepatic Collagen Accumulation in Aging
Am J Pathol. 2023 Sep 15:S0002-9440(23)00322-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAging is associated with non-resolving inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a pro-resolving ligand that acts through the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) called GPR18. Unbiased RNA sequencing revealed increased Gpr18 expression in macrophages from old mice, and in livers from elderly humans, which was associated with increased steatosis and fibrosis in middle-aged (MA) and old mice. MA mice that lack GPR18 on myeloid cells had exacerbated steatosis and hepatic fibrosis, which was associate...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - September 17, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Hannah Fitzgerald Jesse L Bonin Sayeed Khan Maya Eid Sudeshna Sadhu Allison Rahtes Masharh Lipscomb Nirupam Biswas Christa Decker Melisande Nabage Ramon Bossardi Ramos Giesse Albeche Duarte Michael Marinello Anne Chen Hasan Basri Aydin Hebe Agustina Mena Source Type: research

DNA repair biomarkers to guide usage of combined PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy: a meta-analysis and systematic review
CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy only improves PFS in patients with identifiable DNA repair biomarkers. This indicates that PARP inhibitors do not sensitise patients to chemotherapy treatment, except where their cancer has a homologous recombination defect, or an alternative biomarker of altered DNA repair. While effective in patients with DNA repair biomarkers, there is a risk of high-grade haematological side-effects with the use of combination therapy. Thus, the benefit in PFS from combination therapy must be weighed against potential adverse effects, as individual arms of treatment can also confer benefit.PMID:37717683...
Source: Cell Research - September 17, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Zoe Phan Caroline E Ford C Elizabeth Caldon Source Type: research

Carboplatin-induced upregulation of pan β-tubulin and class III β-tubulin is implicated in acquired resistance and cross-resistance of ovarian cancer
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Sep 17;80(10):294. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04943-0.ABSTRACTResistance to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy represents a major obstacle to long-term survival in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Here, we studied the interplay between acquired carboplatin (CBP) resistance using two OC cell models, MES-OV CBP and SK-OV-3 CBP, and non-P-glycoprotein-mediated cross-resistance to paclitaxel (TAX) observed only in MES-OV CBP cells. Decreased platination, mesenchymal-like phenotype, and increased expression of α- and γ-tubulin were observed in both drug-resistant variants compared with parental cells. B...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - September 17, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Margareta Pernar Kova č Vanja Tadi ć Juran Kralj George E Duran Alessia Stefanelli Darija Stupin Polan čec Sanja Dabeli ć Niko Ba čić Maja T Tomicic Petra Heffeter Branimir I Sikic Anamaria Brozovic Source Type: research