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Magnetite nanoparticles for nonradionuclide brachytherapy
Magnetite nanoparticles possess several properties that can make them useful for targeted delivery of radiation to tumors for the purpose of brachytherapy. Such particles are biodegradable and magnetic and can emit secondary radiation when irradiated by an external source. In this work, the dose distribution around a magnetite particle of 10 nm diameter being irradiated by monochromatic X-rays with energies in the range 4–60 keV is calculated.
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - May 22, 2015 Category: Physics Authors: Safronov, V.Sozontov, E.Polikarpov, M. Tags: magnetite nanoparticles brachytherapy research papers Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Toxicity of Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dot Nanoparticles in Mammalian Hepatocytes
There are an increasing number of studies indicating that mitochondria are relevant targets in nanomaterial-induced toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which nanoparticles (NPs) interact with these organelles and affect their functions are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cadmium telluride quantum dot (CdTe-QD) NPs on mitochondria in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. CdTe-QD treatment resulted in the enlargement of mitochondria as examined with transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. CdTe-QDs appeared to associate with the isolated mitochondria as dete...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - June 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nguyen, K. C., Rippstein, P., Tayabali, A. F., Willmore, W. G. Tags: Quantum Dot Nanoparticles and Mitochondrial Function Source Type: research

Nanoparticles Crystal nuclei beaten to the punch
Amorphous nanoparticles often dissolve more rapidly than their crystalline counterparts, which can be useful in applications such as drug delivery. Amstad et al. made amorphous – [Read More]
Source: This Week in Science - August 28, 2015 Category: Science Authors: Phil Szuromi Tags: Nanoparticles Source Type: research

A weight-of-evidence approach to identify nanomaterials in consumer products: a case study of nanoparticles in commercial sunscreens
ery A Steevens
Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology - September 16, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Michael F CuddyAimee R PodaRobert D MoserCharles A WeissCarolyn CairnsJeffery A Steevens Tags: FFF nanoparticles sunscreen TiO2 Weight-of-evidence ZnO Source Type: research

Gold Nanoparticles Increase Endothelial Paracellular Permeability by Altering Components of Endothelial Tight Junctions, and Increase Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Mice
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are being increasingly used as constituents in cosmetics, biosensors, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and targeted drug delivery. This elevated exposure to Au-NPs poses systemic risks in humans, particularly risks associated with the biodistribution of Au-NPs and their potent interaction with biological barriers. We treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells with Au-NPs and comprehensively examined the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5, junctional adhesion molecules, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), as well as endothelial paracellular permeability ...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - October 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Li, C.-H., Shyu, M.-K., Jhan, C., Cheng, Y.-W., Tsai, C.-H., Liu, C.-W., Lee, C.-C., Chen, R.-M., Kang, J.-J. Tags: Gold Nanoparticles and Blood Brain Barrier Permeability Source Type: research

Proinflammatory Effects of Pyrogenic and Precipitated Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in Innate Immunity Cells
In conclusion, the results presented here demonstrate that, compared to precipitated, pyrogenic ASNP exhibit enhanced interaction with serum proteins and cell membrane, and cause a larger oxidative stress and stronger proinflammatory effects in macrophages. Therefore, these 2 nanomaterials should not be considered biologically equivalent.
Source: Toxicological Sciences - February 25, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Di Cristo, L., Movia, D., Bianchi, M. G., Allegri, M., Mohamed, B. M., Bell, A. P., Moore, C., Pinelli, S., Rasmussen, K., Riego-Sintes, J., Prina-Mello, A., Bussolati, O., Bergamaschi, E. Tags: Silica Nanoparticles and Immune Function Source Type: research

Differential Effects of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions on Tissue Accumulation, Distribution, and Toxicity in the Sprague Dawley Rat Following Daily Oral Gavage Administration for 13 Weeks
This study evaluated particulate and ionic forms of silver and particle size for differences in silver accumulation, distribution, morphology, and toxicity when administered daily by oral gavage to Sprague Dawley rats for 13 weeks. Test materials and dose formulations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Seven-week-old rats (10 rats per sex per group) were randomly assigned to treatments: AgNP (10, 75, and 110 nm) at 9, 18, and 36 mg/kg body weight (bw); silver acetate (AgOAc) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw; and controls (...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - February 25, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Boudreau, M. D., Imam, M. S., Paredes, A. M., Bryant, M. S., Cunningham, C. K., Felton, R. P., Jones, M. Y., Davis, K. J., Olson, G. R. Tags: Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Versus Silver Ions Source Type: research

Ergosterol-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with enhanced in vitro antitumor activity and oral bioavailability
an Yu & Xi-ming Xu
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - May 31, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hui-yun ZhangCaleb Kesse FirempongYuan-wen WangWen-qian XuMiao-miao WangXia CaoYuan ZhuShan-shan TongJiang-nan YuXi-ming Xu Tags: ergosterol plant sterol nanoparticles anti-tumor agent oral bioavailability pharmacokinetics drug tissue distribution Source Type: research

Silibinin and indocyanine green-loaded nanoparticles inhibit the growth and metastasis of mammalian breast cancer cells in vitro
ang & Ya-ping Li
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - June 30, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hui-ping SunJing-han SuQing-shuo MengQi YinZhi-wen ZhangHai-jun YuPeng-cheng ZhangSi-ling WangYa-ping Li Tags: breast cancer 4T1 mammalian breast cancer cells metastasis nanoparticles silibinin photothermal therapy NIR laser irradiation Source Type: research

Towards atomistic understanding of polymorphism in the solvothermal synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles
Varying atomic short-range order is correlated with the ratio of the monoclinic (m) to tetragonal (t) phase in ZrO2 nanoparticle formation by solvothermal methods. Reactions from Zr oxynitrate in supercritical methanol and Zr acetate in water (hydrothermal route) were studied in situ by X-ray total scattering. Irrespective of the Zr source and solvent, the structure of the precursor in solution consists of edge-shared tetramer chains. Upon heating, the nearest-neighbor Zr — O and Zr — Zr distances shorten initially while the medium-range connectivity is broken. Depending on the reaction conditions, the disordered inter...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section A - October 5, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dippel, A.-C. Jensen, K.M. Ø . Tyrsted, C. Bremholm, M. B ø jesen, E.D. Saha, D. Birgisson, S. Christensen, M. Billinge, S.J.L. Iversen, B.B. Tags: nanoparticles pair distribution function polymorphism solvothermal synthesis zirconia research papers Source Type: research

Smart nanoparticles improve therapy for drug-resistant tumors by overcoming pathophysiological barriers
ai-jun Yu
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - January 3, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-ping Liu Ting-ting Wang Dang-ge Wang An-jie Dong Ya-ping Li Hai-jun Yu Tags: solid tumors chemotherapy drug resistance pathophysiological barriers tumor microenvironment nanomedicine smart nanoparticles Source Type: research

Phase behaviour in complementary DNA-coated gold nanoparticles and fd-viruses mixtures: a numerical study
Authors: Massimiliano Chiappini, Erika Eiser and Francesco Sciortino.The European Physical Journal E Vol. 40 , page 7Published online: 24/01/2017 Keywords: Soft Matter: Colloids and Nanoparticles.
Source: European Physical Journal E - January 23, 2017 Category: Physics Authors: Massimiliano Chiappini Erika Eiser Francesco Sciortino Tags: Soft Matter: Colloids and Nanoparticles Source Type: research

Nanoparticles: The new One True Cause of All Disease?
They're here, they're there, they're everywhere! If you believe certain quacks, nanoparticles are the new One True Cause of All Disease, and the evil food industry and big pharma are trying to poison you with them.
Source: Respectful Insolence - February 8, 2017 Category: Surgery Authors: Orac Tags: Complementary and alternative medicine Pseudoscience Quackery Skepticism/critical thinking antivaccine Antonietta Gatti nanoparticles Sayer Ji Stefano Montanari vaccines Source Type: blogs

SAXS analysis of single- and multi-core iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
This article reports on the characterization of four superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dimercaptosuccinic acid, which are suitable candidates for reference materials for magnetic properties. Particles p1 and p2 are single-core particles, while p3 and p4 are multi-core particles. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals a lognormal type of size distribution for the iron oxide cores of the particles. Their mean radii are 6.9   nm (p1), 10.6   nm (p2), 5.5   nm (p3) and 4.1   nm (p4), with narrow relative distribution widths of 0.08, 0.13, 0.08 and 0.12. The cores are arranged as a cluste...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - March 13, 2017 Category: Physics Authors: Szczerba, W. Costo, R. Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S. Morales, M. del P. Th ü nemann, A.F. Tags: superparamagnetic nanoparticles iron oxide reference materials SAXS small-angle X-ray scattering XANES X-ray absorption near-edge structure X-ray absorption fine structure research papers Source Type: research

Crystallographic insights into the structural aspects of thioctic acid based halogen-bond donor for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles
The synthesis and self-assembly capabilities of a new halogen-bond donor ligand, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-iodophenyl 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate (1), are reported. The crystal structure of ligand (1) and the formation of a cocrystal with 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, (1) · (2), both show halogen bonds involving the 4-iodotetrafluorobenzene moiety. Ligand (1), being a self-complementary unit, forms an infinite halogen-bonded chain driven by the S...I synthon, while the cocrystal (1) · (2) self-assembles into a discrete trimeric entity driven by the N...I synthon. Ligand (1) was also successfully used to functionalize the s...
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section B - March 29, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sanjeeva, K.B. Tirotta, I. Kumar, V. Bombelli, F.B. Terraneo, G. Metrangolo, P. Tags: self-assembly halogen bonding gold nanoparticles surface functionalization research papers Source Type: research