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Yolk sac tumor of the parotid gland in a child and its differentials
Riddhi Jaiswal, Swati AgnihotriJournal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 2022 27(5):617-619 Yolk sac tumors (YST) (or endodermal sinus tumors) are rare neoplasms of germ cell origin that have been reported in gonadal sites (testis and ovary). Extragonadal YST are uncommon and are extremely rare in the extracranial head-and-neck regions. Here, we present a rare case of a 1-year-old male with isolated YST of the right parotid gland initially diagnosed as malignant epithelial neoplasm with possibilities of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial–myoepithelial carcinoma.
Source: Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons - September 9, 2022 Category: Surgery Authors: Riddhi Jaiswal Swati Agnihotri Source Type: research

Vaginal yolk sac tumors in infants and children: A case report and literature review
Oncol Lett. 2023 Feb 8;25(3):120. doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.13706. eCollection 2023 Mar.ABSTRACTA vaginal yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare malignant germ cell tumor for infants and children, and it has been >50 years since the first case was reported. The treatment strategy has changed markedly in the past 50 years, from radical surgical treatment to conservative surgery combined with chemotherapy, and then to combined chemotherapy alone. The present study reports the case of a primary vaginal YST in a 13-month-old girl that was successfully treated by tumor resection combined with chemotherapy. The clinical symptoms, imaging ...
Source: Oncology Letters - March 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhongli Ma Canyu Li Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 20, Pages 6089: Clinical Challenges in the Management of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumours
gios Boussios Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. GCTs represent 2–5% of ovarian cancers, with a yearly incidence of 4:100,000, and they usually affect young women and adolescents. Precursory germ cells of the ovary form the basis of GCT. They are histologically classified into primitive GCT, teratomas, and monodermal and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts. A primitive GCT can be either a yolk sac tumour (YST), dysgerminoma, or mixed germ ...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - June 9, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Iqra Saani Nitish Raj Raja Sood Shahbaz Ansari Haider Abbas Mandviwala Elisabet Sanchez Stergios Boussios Tags: Review Source Type: research

Three organs in one? Researchers unscramble mysterious roles of human yolk sac
Like chickens, duck-billed platypuses, and other animals that hatch from eggs, you had a yolk sac when you were an embryo. For many vertebrates, this pouch serves multiple developmental roles, including holding, well, yolk, the nutrient-rich liquid that helps nourish the embryo. However, the function of the human yolk sac is unclear. It contains no yolk and dwindles during the second trimester of pregnancy—the placenta instead provides the key route for feeding the offspring. Now, a study out in Science today reveals the human yolk sac stands in for organs such as the liver and kidneys that arise later i...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - August 17, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Development and morphology of the inverted yolk sac in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Abstract: Although the guinea pig is an important animal model for human placentation, aspects of fetal nutrition are not fully understood, especially in regard to the yolk sac that is regarded to be essential for early development of the embryo. We investigated differentiation by means of histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Data suggest that the guinea pig's yolk sac was not sufficiently developed to facilitate substantial fetal nutrition in early pregnancy. On Day 12, it was a flat, inverted, but avascular structure. This was followed by differentiation to form the typic...
Source: Theriogenology - July 12, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Bruno Gomes Vasconcelos, Phelipe Oliveira Favaron, Maria Angelica Miglino, Andrea Maria Mess Tags: Research articles Source Type: research

All-trans Retinoic Acid Promotes Nerve Cell Differentiation of Yolk Sac-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
In this study, we observed the gene expression of pluripotent markers in yolk sac mesenchymal stem cells (YS-MSCs) and the capacity of YS-MSCs to differentiate into neural-like cells using quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. YS-MSCs have a spindle shape and revealed the expression of the MSC-related proteins β-integrin, CD44, CD71, and CD73, but not CD34. YS-MSCs express pluripotent markers such as octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and Nanog at the protein and mRNA levels. QRT-PCR analyses revealed that YS-MSCs expressed nestin. Immunocytochemical and western blotting data showed th...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - August 3, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Gao Y, Bai C, Wang K, Sun B, Guan W, Zheng D Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research

900p * prognostic significance of serum alphafoetoprotein early decline in ovarian yolk sac tumor
Conclusions: Serum AFP early decline help to identify poor prognosis ovarian YSTs pts. This may be relevant for the management of OYSTs since it has been shown in a phase III study (GETUG 13) in testicular poor prognosis germ cell tumor that early switch to a dose dense chemotherapy regimen for pts with slow tumor marker decline reduces the risk of progression or death.Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Source: Annals of Oncology - September 24, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rouge, T. D. L. M., Pautier, P., Duvillard, P., Rey, A., Morice, P., Meder, C. H., Kerbrat, P., Culine, S., Fizazi, K., Lhomme, C. Tags: gynaecological cancers Source Type: research

Accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the development of the yolk sac: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
ConclusionVisualisation of a gestation sac, double decidual sac sign, intradecidual sign or chorionic rim sign increases the probability of an intrauterine pregnancy but are not as accurate as detection of the yolk sac. The findings were however limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies included and heterogeneity in the index test and reference standard.
Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 1, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: A. Richardson, I. Gallos, S. Dobson, B.K. Campbell, A. Coomarasamy, N. Raine‐Fenning Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the development of the yolk sac: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: Visualisation of a gestation sac, double decidual sac sign, intradecidual sign or chorionic rim sign increases the probability of an intrauterine pregnancy but are not as accurate as detection of the yolk sac. The findings were however limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies included and heterogeneity in the index test and reference standard. PMID: 25393076 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 13, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Richardson A, Gallos I, Dobson S, Campbell BK, Coomarasamy A, Raine-Fenning N Tags: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors
Nature advance online publication 03 December 2014. doi:10.1038/nature13989 Authors: Elisa Gomez Perdiguero, Kay Klapproth, Christian Schulz, Katrin Busch, Emanuele Azzoni, Lucile Crozet, Hannah Garner, Celine Trouillet, Marella F. de Bruijn, Frederic Geissmann & Hans-Reimer Rodewald Most haematopoietic cells renew from adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), however, macrophages in adult tissues can self-maintain independently of HSCs. Progenitors with macrophage potential in vitro have been described in the yolk sac before emergence of HSCs, and fetal macrophages can develop independently of Myb, a transcription fac...
Source: Nature AOP - December 3, 2014 Category: Research Authors: Elisa Gomez PerdigueroKay KlapprothChristian SchulzKatrin BuschEmanuele AzzoniLucile CrozetHannah GarnerCeline TrouilletMarella F. de BruijnFrederic GeissmannHans-Reimer Rodewald Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Revised Risk Classification for Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Based on 25 Years of Clinical Trial Data From the United Kingdom and United States Pediatric Oncology
Conclusion Clinical trial data from two large national pediatric clinical trial organizations have produced a new evidence-based risk stratification of malignant pediatric GCTs that identifies a poor-risk group warranting intensified therapy.
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - January 8, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Frazier, Hale, Rodriguez-Galindo, Dang, Olson, Murray, Amatruda, Thornton, Arul, Billmire, Shaikh, Pashankar, Stoneham, Krailo, Nicholson Tags: Clinical Trials, Diagnosis & Staging, Germ Cell Tumors Pediatric Oncology Source Type: research