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Imaging Findings and Clinical Analysis of Primary Intracranial Pure Yolk Sac Tumors in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Study from China PEDIATRICS
CONCLUSIONS: There are some relatively specific imaging findings of primary intracranial yolk sac tumors that could assist in their diagnosis. Surgery combined with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy can achieve a better prognosis.
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - July 7, 2022 Category: Radiology Authors: Dai, W., Liu, H., Chen, Y., Chen, Z. Tags: PEDIATRICS Source Type: research

Primary yolk sac tumor of the cerebellar vermis: A case report.
Abstract Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and comprise 2-5% of all germ cell tumors. Seminoma/dysgerminoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor (YST) and mixed germ cell tumors are few of the extragonadal germ cell tumors arising within the brain. Of these, primary pure YSTs arising in the brain are extremely rare and arise in the pineal (62%) and suprasellar (31%) regions. Primary YST occurring in the cerebellum is exceedingly rare, associated with a very poor prognosis and has been reported in less than 10 cases in literature. We herein report a case of primary pure yolk sac tumor in the cerebellar vermis in a 2-year...
Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology - April 1, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Shenoy AS, Desai HM, Tyagi DK, Savant HV, Kavishwar VS, Balasubramaniam M Tags: Indian J Pathol Microbiol Source Type: research

Germ cell tumours of the ovary: selected topics
We discuss germ cell tumours of the ovary, beginning with dysgerminoma as it is the most common malignant germ cell tumour in this location. Issues in differential diagnosis are highlighted as this tumour is associated with an excellent outcome nowadays and can be confused with small cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and rarely other neoplasms.The many patterns of yolk sac tumour are noted including the recently emphasized solid growth that may mimic dysgerminoma. Immunohistochemical stains are helpful in the diagnosis of both these primitive tumours, both being SALL4 positive and dysgerminoma expressing OCT4, D2-40 an...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - September 4, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Esther Oliva, Robert H. Young Tags: Mini-symposium: pathology of the ovary Source Type: research

Parapharyngeal and skull base yolk sac tumor: A case report with lessons in diagnosis and management
Yolk sac tumors are rare in the head and neck. A previously healthy 2-year-old female presented with a large parapharyngeal mass. Pathology was pathognomonic for yolk sac tumor, with glandular differentiation and focal mucin production, which has not been reported in a yolk sac tumor. She was treated aggressively with chemotherapy followed by endoscopic exploration with planned resection, but no viable tumor was encountered. Yolk sac tumors can be difficult to diagnose in the head and neck, but complete clinical response can be achieved.
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - September 4, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Leah J. Hauser, Tendy Chiang, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, Mark A. Lovell, Peggy E. Kelley Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

The Yolk Sac Tumor: Reflections on a Remarkable Neoplasm and Two of the Many Intrigued By It--Gunnar Teilum and Aleksander Talerman--and the Bond It Formed Between Them
One of the most remarkable of human neoplasms, the yolk sac tumor, is reviewed, emphasizing its histologic diversity and differential diagnosis, occurrence at many sites, and the shared passion for this unique neoplasm of Dr Gunnar Teilum (who deserves almost all credit for delineation of the nature of the tumor and its features) and Dr Aleksander Talerman (who made his own contribution to our knowledge of it) and the friendship it helped forge between these 2 distinguished pathologists. In a unique series of articles, beginning in the early 1940s, Teilum delineated the distinctive features of the neoplasm and recognized t...
Source: International Journal of Surgical Pathology - December 3, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Young, R. H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Testicular yolk sac tumors in children: a review of 61 patients over 19 years
Conclusion: Testicular yolk sac tumor presents as a painless scrotal mass, increased serum AFP levels, and a solid mass on ultrasound. Chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound should be used to accurately stage the tumor. We advocate for inguinal orchiectomy for Stage I disease and postoperative chemotherapy to prevent recurrence in the ipsilateral or contralateral testis.
Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology - December 29, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yi WeiShengde WuTao LinDawei HeXuliang LiJunhong LiuXing LiuYi HuaPeng LuGuanghui Wei Source Type: research

Testicular yolk sac tumors in children: a review of 61 patients over 19 years
Conclusion: Testicular yolk sac tumor presents as a painless scrotal mass, increased serum AFP levels, and a solid mass on ultrasound. Chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound should be used to accurately stage the tumor. We advocate for inguinal orchiectomy for Stage I disease and postoperative chemotherapy to prevent recurrence in the ipsilateral or contralateral testis.
Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology - December 29, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yi WeiShengde WuTao LinDawei HeXuliang LiJunhong LiuXing LiuYi HuaPeng LuGuanghui Wei Source Type: research

Yolk Sac Tumor of the Testis in Infants and Children: A Clinicopathologic Analysis of 33 Cases
We report 33 pure yolk sac tumors of the testis from boys 5 to 71 months of age (mean 20.7 mo) diagnosed from 1918 to 2014. All except 1 underwent orchiectomy, with lymph node dissections (all negative) performed in 18; 21 also received chemotherapy and 12 radiotherapy. The tumors were 1.6 to 7.0 cm (mean 3.7 cm) and were nonencapsulated, with a gray to yellow, often mucoid, cut surface. The commonest pattern was reticular-microcystic, but macrocystic, papillary, endodermal sinus (Schiller-Duval bodies), labyrinthine, myxomatous, glandular, and solid patterns were also observed. Follow-up was available for 32 patients (mea...
Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology - July 15, 2015 Category: Pathology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Ovarian yolk sac tumor in postmenopausal females: a report of five cases and a literature review.
CONCLUSION: The clinical features of ovarian YST in postmenopausal females, such as stage distribution, were similar compared to young patients. Postmenopausal patients with ovarian YST may have a worse prognosis compared to young patients. PMID: 27352567 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology - June 30, 2016 Category: OBGYN Tags: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol Source Type: research

Successful treatment of mixed yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma in the spinal cord: case report.
Abstract Primary spinal germ cell tumors are rare, and spinal nongerminomatous germ cell tumors represent an even rarer subset for which no standard therapy has been established. The authors report the case of a 24-year-old woman with multifocal primary spinal germ cell tumors scattered from T-12 to L-5 that consisted of yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma. After diagnostic partial resection, the patient was treated with 30 Gy of craniospinal irradiation and 30 Gy of local spinal irradiation, followed by 8 courses of chemotherapy based on ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE). Salvage surgery was also performe...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mukasa A, Yanagisawa S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Takai K, Shibahara J, Ikegami M, Nakao Y, Takeshita K, Matsutani M, Saito N Tags: J Neurosurg Spine Source Type: research

Yolk sac tumor in the abdominal wall of an 18-month-old girl: a case report
ConclusionsClinicians should be aware that a yolk sac tumor can present in an unusual extragonadal place, for example in this case it was subcutaneous. In some cases, conservative treatment can be carried out with careful monitoring of the patient and their alpha-fetoprotein.
Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports - February 19, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor treated with platinum ‐based chemotherapy and extended resection: Report of seven cases
ConclusionPrimary mediastinal yolk sac tumor is rare, and the prognosis is poor. A multimodality aggressive approach including adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection is the optimal treatment and may lead to long‐term survival.
Source: Thoracic Cancer - January 10, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bing Liu, Gang Lin, Jingwei Liu, Haibo Liu, Xueqian Shang, Jian Li Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research

Genes, Vol. 12, Pages 168: Expression of BARD1 β Isoform in Selected Pediatric Tumors
This study determines the expression level of BARD1 and its isoform beta (β) in three different histogenetic groups of pediatric cancer – neuroblastic tumours, and for the first time in chosen germ cell tumours (GCT), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), using the qPCR method. We found higher expression of beta isoform in tumour compared to healthy tissue with no such changes concerning BARD1 full-length. Additionally, differences in expression of BARD1 β between histological types of neuroblastic tumours were observed, with higher levels in ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. Furthermor...
Source: Genes - January 26, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Anna Jasiak Natalia Krawczy ńska Mariola Iliszko Katarzyna Czarnota Kamil Buczkowski Joanna Stefanowicz El żbieta Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska Grzegorz Cichosz Ewa I życka-Świeszewska Tags: Article Source Type: research

Vasculogenic Mesenchymal Tumor: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Study of 55 Cases of a Distinctive Neoplasm Originating From Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor and an Occasional Precursor to Angiosarcoma
We report 55 postchemotherapy resections of primary nonseminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumors with prominent vasculogenic features showing the formation of rudimentary to well-developed neoplastic vessels within primitive mesenchyme. These cases represented 25% of a cohort of 221 such specimens. The patients were 19 to 49 years old (mean, 28 y) and 98% had serological evidence of yolk sac tumor. The vasculogenic lesions, felt to represent a neoplastic reiteration of embryonic vasculogenesis in the splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac, were further subdivided into teratoma with vasculogenic stroma (n=9), vasculogenic me...
Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology - March 19, 2021 Category: Pathology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Post-pubertal ovarian yolk sac tumor with unusual follicular growth pattern, simulating struma ovarii
AbstractYolk sac tumors (YST), formerly known as endodermal sinus tumors, are uncommon ovarian neoplasms. They are most common in the second and third decades of life and are rare in women older than 39  years of age. YST exhibit various histologic patterns. Microfollicular pattern resembling thyroid tissue has not been reported. We introduce here a case of yolk sac tumor in a 39 y/o female, presented with pelvic masses and high level of serum Alpha-fetoprotein (Alpha Fetoprotein) (>  1000 IU/ml). The patient underwent left salpingo-oophorectomy. On microscopic study, morphologic findings demonstrated a neoplasm com...
Source: International Cancer Conference Journal - June 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research