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Human anti-N1 monoclonal antibodies elicited by pandemic H1N1 virus infection broadly inhibit HxN1 viruses in  vitro and in vivo
Optimizing neuraminidase antigenicity is essential for improving influenza vaccines. Hansen et  al. isolated human monoclonal antibodies with broad enzyme inhibition activity against human, avian, and swine N1 neuraminidase that provided robust protection in vivo. Cryo-EM revealed highly conserved sites on the lateral face of neuraminidase, distal to the active site.
Source: Immunity - July 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lena Hansen, Meagan McMahon, Hannah L. Turner, Xueyong Zhu, Jackson S. Turner, Gabriel Ozorowski, Daniel Stadlbauer, Juha Vahokoski, Aaron J. Schmitz, Amena A. Rizk, Wafaa B. Alsoussi, Shirin Strohmeier, Wenli Yu, Jos é Alberto Choreño-Parra, Luis Jimé Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1634: Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus & ndash;Host and Virus & ndash;Virus Protein Interactions
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1634: Functional Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus–Host and Virus–Virus Protein Interactions Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15081634 Authors: Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata Gang Pei Christopher L. Netherton Axel Karger Viral replication fully relies on the host cell machinery, and physical interactions between viral and host proteins mediate key steps of the viral life cycle. Therefore, identifying virus–host protein–protein interactions (PPIs) provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing virus infection and is crucial for designing ...
Source: Viruses - July 27, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata Gang Pei Christopher L. Netherton Axel Karger Tags: Review Source Type: research

Misclassified: identification of zoonotic transition biomarker candidates for influenza A viruses using deep neural network
Discussion: Analysis of viral sequences using neural network interpretation approaches revealed important genetic differences between zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential, compared to non-zoonotic viral strains or zoonotic viruses incapable of Human-to-Human transmission.
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - July 27, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Poor Below Knee Runoff Impacts Femoropopliteal Stent Failure and Fluoropolymer Antithrombotic Effect in Healthy Swine Model
Poor below knee (BTK) runoff is a predictor of stent failure after endovascular femoropopliteal artery treatment; however, lack of pathological evaluation has prevented characterisation of stent failure. The study aimed to investigate the impact of poor BTK runoff and the antithrombotic effect of the polymer of fluoropolymer coated paclitaxel eluting stents (FP-PESs) in a healthy swine femoropopliteal artery model.
Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - July 27, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Norihito Nakamura, Sho Torii, Kazuki Aihara, Satoshi Noda, Tsukasa Kato, Keigo Nakazawa, Yuji Ikari, Gaku Nakazawa Source Type: research

Poor Below the Knee Runoff Impacts Femoropopliteal Stent Failure and Fluoropolymer Antithrombotic Effect in Healthy Swine Model
Poor below the knee (BTK) runoff is a predictor of stent failure after femoropopliteal artery endovascular treatment; however, the lack of pathological evaluation has prevented characterisation of stent failure. The study aimed to investigate the impact of poor BTK runoff and antithrombotic effect of the polymer of fluoropolymer coated paclitaxel eluting stents (FP-PESs) in a healthy swine femoropopliteal artery model.
Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery - July 27, 2023 Category: Surgery Authors: Norihito Nakamura, Sho Torii, Kazuki Aihara, Satoshi Noda, Tsukasa Kato, Keigo Nakazawa, Yuji Ikari, Gaku Nakazawa Source Type: research

BST2 negatively regulates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by restricting the expression of viral proteins
Virus Res. 2023 Jul 25;334:199181. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199181. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has seriously affected the viability of swine industries worldwide, and effective measures to control PRRSV are urgently required. Understanding the mechanisms of action of antiviral proteins is crucial for developing antiviral strategies. Interferon-induced bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) can inhibit the replication of various viruses via different pathways. However, little is known about the effects of BST2 on PRRSV. Therefore, this study aimed to eval...
Source: Virus Research - July 26, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Yujiao Zhang Ning Kong Jinfeng Ti Dongshen Cao Zhaofeng Sui Aimin Ge Liuting Pan Kuan Zhao Yanjun Zhou Guangzhi Tong Liwei Li Fei Gao Source Type: research

NS1 and PA-X of H1N1/09 influenza virus act in a concerted manner to manipulate the innate immune response of porcine respiratory epithelial cells
In conclusion, these findings indicate that NS1 and PA-X act in a concerted manner to manipulate the host cell response, which may help to develop swine LAIV vaccine with a more favorable balance of safety and immunogenicity.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - July 26, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Could the Next Pandemic Start at the County Fair?
Since 2011, there have been more human swine flu cases reported in the United States than anywhere else in the world. Most have occurred at farm-animal showcases.
Source: NYT Health - July 25, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Emily Anthes and Maddie McGarvey Tags: your-feed-science your-feed-health Pigs Agriculture and Farming Swine Influenza State and County Fairs Viruses Livestock Ohio State University Source Type: news

Using social interaction models for genetic analysis of skin damage in gilts
CONCLUSIONS: Combined skin damage is heritable, and genetic selection against this trait will increase the welfare of animals in the long term. Combined skin damage is affected by social genetic effects, and modeling this trait with a social interaction model increases the potential for genetic improvement. Including genomic information increases the prediction accuracy of estimated breeding values and reduces their bias and dispersion, although some biases persist. The results of the genome-wide association study indicate that CSD has a polygenic architecture and no major quantitative trait locus was detected.PMID:3748848...
Source: Genet Sel Evol - July 24, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Nat ália Galoro Leite Egbert Knol Shogo Tsuruta Stefanie Nuphaus Roos Vogelzang Daniela Lourenco Source Type: research

Susceptibility of perivenous macrophages to PRRSV-1 subtype 1 LV and PRRSV-1 subtype 3 Lena using a new vein explant model
In this study, an ex vivo vein model was successfully established, and our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the vein pathology during viral infections (e.g., PRRS, classical and African swine fever).
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - July 24, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Prokaryotic expression of porcine deltacoronavirus S gene truncated segment and establishment of indirect ELISA detection method
This study aimed to establish an indirect ELISA method for detecting PDCoV antibodies using the truncated gene of PDCoV spike protein (S). The purified S protein was used as the coating antigen for the polyclonal antibody. The conditions were optimized to establish an indirect ELISA detection method for PDCoV based on the S protein, which showed good specificity and no cross-reaction with SVV-VP1, ASFV-P72, GETV-E2, PRV-gE, etc. The method has high repeatability, with coefficients of variation within and between batches less than 10%. Compared with the commercial kit, the positive coincidence rate is 86.40%, the negative c...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - July 23, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Lan Chen Yao Huang Tong Xu Si-Yuan Lai Yan-Ru Ai Yuancheng Zhou Ling Zhu Zhi-Wen Xu Source Type: research