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Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumors: Our Experiences and Results
Objective: Vaginal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors largely affecting children younger than 3 years. Because of their low incidence, there is no consensus regarding diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we describe the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of 16 patients with vaginal YSTs diagnosed and managed at our center. Methods: Diagnoses of YST of the vagina were confirmed by 2 experienced pathologists. All patients were treated with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (PEB) combination chemotherapy alone. Complete remission (CR) was defined by a normal serum α-fetoprotein (...
Source: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer - August 24, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Vulva-Vaginal Cancer Source Type: research

Germ cell tumour growth patterns originating from clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium: a comparative immunohistochemical study favouring their origin from somatic stem cells
ConclusionsThere is considerable immunophenotypical overlap between the two components in these mixed neoplasms, and a panel of markers should be used to facilitate the distinction. We propose that OCT4‐expressing somatic cancer cells differentiate into GCT and represent spontaneously induced pluripotent stem cells, possibly conditioned by age‐related epigenetic factors. These neoplasms have features of prepubertal type GCT showing lack of 12p gain, preponderance of YST and coexistence with immature neuroectoderm. However, there may also be undifferentiated stem cell areas with embryoid bodies, of the type seen in post...
Source: Histopathology - December 21, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Francisco F Nogales, Jaime Prat, Maolly Schuldt, Nelly Cruz ‐Viruel, Baljeet Kaur, Emanuela D'Angelo, Xavier Matias‐Guiu, August Vidal, W Glenn McCluggage, J Wolter Oosterhuis Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Neoadjuvant Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin (BEP) Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Extensively Advanced Yolk Sac Tumors: A Single Center Experience
Conclusions One or 2 cycles of neoadjuvant BEP regimen followed by cytoreductive surgery offer a chance for cure in extensively advanced patients with YSTs and help pave the way for fertility-sparing surgery.
Source: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer - April 25, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Ovarian Cancer Source Type: research

Ovarian yolk sac tumor in postmenopausal females: A case series and a literature review
We reported 3 cases of mixed ovarian YST in postmenopausal females reviewed the related current English literature. Patient concerns: The ages of the three patients were 61, 58 and 77 respectively. The three patients came to the hospital because of the abdominal discomfort or tenderness, and the third patient also has vaginal bleeding. Diagnoses: Imaging examination revealed pelvic mass with cystic and solid components. The elevated serum AFP level and pathologcial examination confirmed mixed ovarian YST. Interventions: All patients received surgery and chemotherapy. Two patients received PEB (cisplatin, etoposide...
Source: Medicine - August 1, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Clinical Case Report Source Type: research

Successful yolk-sac tumor treatment with fertility-sparing partial oophorectomy
In this report we describe the successful treatment of a young woman who was able to conceive and deliver two children, in spite of the loss of one ovary two years prior to being diagnosed with an ovarian yolk-sac tumor on the remaining ovary.
Source: Gynecologic Oncology Reports - November 30, 2018 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

A case of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with yolk sac differentiation and Lynch syndrome
We describe, to our knowledge, the first case in the English literature of a premenopausal woman that presented with an ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with focal yolk sac component and was subsequently found to have a germline MSH2 mutation confirming a diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. Concurrent diagnosis of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with yolk sac tumor and Lynch syndrome is an extremely rare finding in a young patient and requires careful follow-up. Genetics evaluation and testing may be reasonable for individuals with this rare or mixed tumor pathology at young age of onset and can have clinical utility in gu...
Source: Gynecologic Oncology Reports - January 12, 2019 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Primary Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 14 Cases
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors are uncommon tumors that can pose diagnostic difficulties due to their morphologic spectrum and unusual site. Immunohistochemistry plays an increasing role in the diagnosis of these tumors. Whereas the immunophenotype of testicular yolk sac tumors (YST) is rather well known, the opposite is true for primary mediastinal YST leading us to investigate the immunohistochemical features of 14 such neoplasms. Fourteen cases of primary mediastinal YST were reviewed and representative whole tissue sections were selected for immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies directed against CAM5.2, S...
Source: Applied Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology - February 1, 2019 Category: Chemistry Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

10. Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
We report two cases of vaginal YST and review vaginal YST cases reported in the literature to outline advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and survival.
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology - March 4, 2019 Category: OBGYN Authors: Allison C. Mayhew, Heather Rytting, Edwin A. Smith, Thomas A. Olson, Krista Childress Source Type: research

Primary yolk sac tumor originating from the endometrium: A case report and literature review
Rationale: Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are malignant germ cell tumors that secrete alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). These tumors commonly develop in infants, young children, and young women and often originate in the gonads. Primary endometrial YST is a very rare malignancy, and a primary endometrial YST in the absence of abnormal AFP levels is even rarer. Patient concerns: A 38-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of prolonged menstruation and increased menstrual bleeding with a duration of more than 2 months. Diagnoses: Postoperative pathology confirmed a diagnosis of endometrial YST with metastasis to the greate...
Source: Medicine - April 1, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Clinical Case Report Source Type: research

Endometrial tumors with yolk sac tumor-like morphologic patterns or immunophenotypes: an expanded appraisal
Modern Pathology, Published online: 02 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41379-019-0341-6Endometrial tumors with yolk sac tumor-like morphologic patterns or immunophenotypes: an expanded appraisal
Source: Modern Pathology - August 1, 2019 Category: Pathology Authors: Oluwole Fadare Nada Shaker Abrar Alghamdi Raji Ganesan Krisztina Z. Hanley Lien N. Hoang Jonathan L. Hecht Philip P. Ip Nuha Shaker Andres A. Roma Vinita Parkash Hussain Abubakr Source Type: research

Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Analysis for 12p Alterations in Sarcomatoid Yolk Sac Tumors
“Sarcomas” in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a common form of “somatic-type malignancy.” There is support, based on morphology and immunohistochemistry, that many such sarcomatous tumors represent an unusual form of yolk sac tumor (YST). A virtually universal chromosomal anomaly in GCTs is increase in 12p copy number, often in the form of isochromosome 12p [i(12p)], but this aspect of sarcomatoid YSTs has not hitherto been studied. We performed interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization assay for detection of increased 12p copy number in sarcomatoid YSTs using a bacterial artificial chromoso...
Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology - October 12, 2019 Category: Pathology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

"Endolymphatic sac tumour": A case report with review of literature.
Abstract Endolymphatic sac tumour (ELST) is a non-metastasizing low grade adenocarcinoma of endolymphatic sac origin. It is also known as Heffner tumour, low grade adenocarcinoma of endolymphatic sac origin and aggressive papillary middle ear tumour. These tumours are closely associated with Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease. Here we report a case of Endolymphatic sac tumour in a 63 yr old lady who presented with left sided facial palsy. Since the tumour was highly vascular and required preoperative embolization, initial clinicoradiological diagnosis was Jugulotymphanic paraganglioma. Histopathology showed features ...
Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology - September 30, 2019 Category: Pathology Authors: Rajeshwari B, Shanmugam S, Sadiya N, Mitra G, Chendilnathan B Tags: Indian J Pathol Microbiol Source Type: research

Yolk Sac Tumors of the Head and Neck in Aicardi Syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: Rare germ cell tumors of the H&N, such as YSTs, have now been documented in several patients with Aicardi syndrome, indicating a possible association given the rarity of these tumors in the population. YSTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of H&N masses in these patients, with emphasis on early tissue diagnosis and treatment. PMID: 31640397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology - October 21, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Epperson MV, Born HL, Wang D, Myer CM Tags: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Source Type: research

Acute abdominal pain in an adolescent girl with an ovarian yolk sac tumor.
We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who came to our observation for an acute abdominal pain. Clinical examination evidenced a vague mass in the suprapubic region and a lower abdomen tenderness, the US imaging revealed a complex lesion of the left ovary (19 x 13 cm) and the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) resulted high (5858 ng/mL). Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large pelvic mass. The treatment consisted of debulking surgery of yolk sac tumor followed by 4 cycles of BEP protocol (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin). After 3 years of follow-up there was no evidence of disease recurrence. (www.actabiomedica.it). PMID: 31...
Source: Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis - December 22, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Stefanelli E, Talarico V, Scavone M, Carboni E, Stranieri G, Galati MC, Salerno D, Raiola G Tags: Acta Biomed Source Type: research

SALL4 is a useful marker for pediatric yolk sac tumors
ConclusionsSALL4 is a sensitive marker for pediatric YSTs and it can be used to distinguish them from mature teratomas. SALL4 is likely to become a new and valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of pediatric YST.
Source: Pediatric Surgery International - March 27, 2020 Category: Surgery Source Type: research