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Vaginal yolk sac tumors in infants and children: A case report and literature review
Oncol Lett. 2023 Feb 8;25(3):120. doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.13706. eCollection 2023 Mar.ABSTRACTA vaginal yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare malignant germ cell tumor for infants and children, and it has been >50 years since the first case was reported. The treatment strategy has changed markedly in the past 50 years, from radical surgical treatment to conservative surgery combined with chemotherapy, and then to combined chemotherapy alone. The present study reports the case of a primary vaginal YST in a 13-month-old girl that was successfully treated by tumor resection combined with chemotherapy. The clinical symptoms, imaging ...
Source: Oncology Letters - March 13, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhongli Ma Canyu Li Source Type: research

Targeting CLDN6 in germ cell tumors by  an antibody-drug-conjugate and studying therapy resistance of yolk-sac tumors to identify and screen specific therapeutic options
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study offers a novel CLDN6-ADC to target GCT. Additionally, this study presents novel pharmacological inhibitors blocking FGF, VGF, PDGF, mTOR, CHEK1, AURKA, or PARP signaling for the treatment of (refractory) YST patients. Finally, this study shed light on the mechanisms of therapy resistance in YST.PMID:36991316 | DOI:10.1186/s10020-023-00636-3
Source: Molecular Medicine - March 29, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Margaretha A Skowron Mara Kotthoff Felix Bremmer Katja Ruhnke Fatma Parmaksiz Annika Richter Stefan K üffer Kirsten Reuter-Jessen Stella Pauls Anja Stefanski Philipp Str öbel Kai St ühler Daniel Nettersheim Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 20, Pages 6089: Clinical Challenges in the Management of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumours
gios Boussios Nonepithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a group of rare malignancies, including germ cell tumours (GCT) and sex cord-stromal tumours (SCST), along with small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. GCTs represent 2–5% of ovarian cancers, with a yearly incidence of 4:100,000, and they usually affect young women and adolescents. Precursory germ cells of the ovary form the basis of GCT. They are histologically classified into primitive GCT, teratomas, and monodermal and somatic-type tumours associated with dermoid cysts. A primitive GCT can be either a yolk sac tumour (YST), dysgerminoma, or mixed germ ...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - June 9, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Iqra Saani Nitish Raj Raja Sood Shahbaz Ansari Haider Abbas Mandviwala Elisabet Sanchez Stergios Boussios Tags: Review Source Type: research

Three organs in one? Researchers unscramble mysterious roles of human yolk sac
Like chickens, duck-billed platypuses, and other animals that hatch from eggs, you had a yolk sac when you were an embryo. For many vertebrates, this pouch serves multiple developmental roles, including holding, well, yolk, the nutrient-rich liquid that helps nourish the embryo. However, the function of the human yolk sac is unclear. It contains no yolk and dwindles during the second trimester of pregnancy—the placenta instead provides the key route for feeding the offspring. Now, a study out in Science today reveals the human yolk sac stands in for organs such as the liver and kidneys that arise later i...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - August 17, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Primary paratesticular yolk sac tumor: A case report and review of literature
Toijam Soni Lyngdoh, Prema Menon, Richa Jain, Ashim DasJournal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 2013 18(2):86-89Paratesticular germ cell tumors are extremely rare. A 12-month-old boy with yolk sac tumor involving only the paratesticular tissue is reported. Pre-operatively raised alpha fetoprotein levels fell to normal levels after high inguinal orchiectomy. This appears to be the youngest and only the 3 rd case reported in the English literature.
Source: Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons - March 21, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Toijam Soni LyngdohPrema MenonRicha JainAshim Das Source Type: research

The corn snake yolk sac becomes a solid tissue filled with blood vessels and yolk-rich endodermal cells.
Abstract The amniote egg was a key innovation in vertebrate evolution because it supports an independent existence in terrestrial environments. The egg is provisioned with yolk, and development depends on the yolk sac for the mobilization of nutrients. We have examined the yolk sac of the corn snake Pantherophis guttatus by the dissection of living eggs. In contrast to the familiar fluid-filled sac of birds, the corn snake yolk sac invades the yolk mass to become a solid tissue. There is extensive proliferation of yolk-filled endodermal cells, which associate with a meshwork of blood vessels. These novel attribute...
Source: Biology Letters - January 18, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Elinson RP, Stewart JR Tags: Biol Lett Source Type: research

CT Findings of Intrarenal Yolk Sac Tumor with Tumor Thrombus Extending into the Inferior Vena Cava: A Case Report.
Abstract Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare germ cell neoplasm of childhood that usually arises from the testis or ovary. The rare cases of YST in various extragonadal locations have been reported, but the primary intrarenal YST is even more uncommon. Here, we report a case of a primary intrarenal YST with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein in a 2-year-old boy, with an emphasis on the CT features. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intrarenal YST with intravascular involvement. PMID: 25246826 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Korean J Radiol - September 1, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Lin S, Li X, Sun C, Feng S, Peng Z, Huang S, Li Z Tags: Korean J Radiol Source Type: research

Accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the development of the yolk sac: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
ConclusionVisualisation of a gestation sac, double decidual sac sign, intradecidual sign or chorionic rim sign increases the probability of an intrauterine pregnancy but are not as accurate as detection of the yolk sac. The findings were however limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies included and heterogeneity in the index test and reference standard.
Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 1, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: A. Richardson, I. Gallos, S. Dobson, B.K. Campbell, A. Coomarasamy, N. Raine‐Fenning Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Accuracy of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the development of the yolk sac: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: Visualisation of a gestation sac, double decidual sac sign, intradecidual sign or chorionic rim sign increases the probability of an intrauterine pregnancy but are not as accurate as detection of the yolk sac. The findings were however limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies included and heterogeneity in the index test and reference standard. PMID: 25393076 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology - November 13, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Richardson A, Gallos I, Dobson S, Campbell BK, Coomarasamy A, Raine-Fenning N Tags: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Atypical presentation of sacrococcygeal yolk sac tumor in infant: beware of the injuries of the gluteal region
This report remarks the need of a rigorous methodology in the ultrasound exploration of the gluteal region.
Source: Journal of Ultrasound - December 12, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Revised Risk Classification for Pediatric Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Based on 25 Years of Clinical Trial Data From the United Kingdom and United States Pediatric Oncology
Conclusion Clinical trial data from two large national pediatric clinical trial organizations have produced a new evidence-based risk stratification of malignant pediatric GCTs that identifies a poor-risk group warranting intensified therapy.
Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology - January 8, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Frazier, Hale, Rodriguez-Galindo, Dang, Olson, Murray, Amatruda, Thornton, Arul, Billmire, Shaikh, Pashankar, Stoneham, Krailo, Nicholson Tags: Clinical Trials, Diagnosis & Staging, Germ Cell Tumors Pediatric Oncology Source Type: research

Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors
mp; Hans-Reimer Rodewald Most haematopoietic cells renew from adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), however, macrophages in adult tissues can self-maintain independently of HSCs. Progenitors with macrophage potential in vitro have been described in the yolk sac before emergence of HSCs, and fetal macrophages can develop independently of Myb, a transcription factor required for HSC, and can persist in adult tissues. Nevertheless, the origin of adult macrophages and the qualitative and quantitative contributions of HSC and putative non-HSC-derived progenitors are still unclear. Here we show in mice that the vast major...
Source: Nature - December 3, 2014 Category: Research Authors: Elisa Gomez PerdigueroKay KlapprothChristian SchulzKatrin BuschEmanuele AzzoniLucile CrozetHannah GarnerCeline TrouilletMarella F. de BruijnFrederic GeissmannHans-Reimer Rodewald Tags: Letter Source Type: research