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The effects of caffeine and bisphenol A singularly or in combination on cultured mouse embryos and yolk sac placenta
In this study, mouse embryos (embryonic day 8.5) surrounded by yolk sac placenta were cultured with caffeine (30, 60, and 120 μg/ml) and/or BPA (35 μg/ml) for 48 hours. In response to a single administration of BPA or caffeine dose, embryonic development was similar to normal control embryos. However, the combined exposure to caffeine and BPA dose-dependently increased embryonic anomalies, and thinner ventricular wall and trabeculae disorders of heart were observed. The mRNA levels of various anti-oxidative, apoptotic, and hypoxic genes were significantly altered in the treated embryos. Furthermore, abnormal vascul...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - November 20, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumor Limited to the Myometrium: Report of a Case With Potential Fertility Preservation and Molecular Analysis Suggesting Germ Cell Origin
Extragonadal pelvic yolk sac tumor (YST) in postpubertal female patients is a rare malignant neoplasm with potentially 2 distinct histogenetic pathways, and no clear treatment algorithm, especially in young patients desiring future fertility. Here we report a case of extragonadal YST arising within the myometrium in a 30-yr-old nulligravid woman. The patient presented with heavy and irregular bleeding, and imaging studies showed an 8.2 cm uterine mass, most consistent with a degenerating uterine leiomyoma. The patient underwent abdominal myomectomy, and intraoperative frozen section evaluation revealed a high-grade malig...
Source: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology - April 8, 2020 Category: Pathology Tags: PATHOLOGY OF THE CORPUS: CASE REPORTS Source Type: research

The Yolk Sac. An interesting small structure of the human embryonic stage.
The yolk sac is a small extra embryonic structure that plays a crucial role during the first trimester of pregnancy. It provides nutrients, endocrine, metabolic and hematopoietic functions during embryogenesis reaching its peak of functionality between the 4th and 7th week of embryonic life (1). The size of the yolk sac ranges between 2 and 5 mm and continues to growth up to the 10th week of gestation. Abnormalities of the yolk sac are correlated with poor pregnancy outcomes (2, 3). Transcervical hysteroscopic embryoscopy is gaining an important role in the evaluation of the patient with first trimester pregnancy loss.
Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology - June 2, 2020 Category: OBGYN Authors: Alonso Luis, Carugno Jose Tags: Images in gynecologic surgery Source Type: research

Yolk sac tumor differentiation in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and differential diagnosis
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a germ cell neoplasm that arises predominantly in the gonads, but can also derive from somatic neoplasms in extragonadal locations. These latter cases have been documented in several or...
Source: Diagnostic Pathology - June 3, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Nadia Espejo-Herrera and Enric Condom-Mund ó Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Report diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of vaginal yolk sac tumor (YST) cases at a single institution and review literature on vaginal YST to outline advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and survival.
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology - July 2, 2020 Category: OBGYN Authors: Allison C. Mayhew, Heather Rytting, Thomas A. Olson, Edwin Smith, Krista J. Childress Source Type: research

The Yolk Sac: An Interesting Small Structure of the Human Embryonic Stage
The yolk sac is a small extraembryonic structure that plays a crucial role during the first trimester of pregnancy. It provides nutrients and performs endocrine, metabolic, and hematopoietic functions during embryogenesis, reaching its peak of functionality between the fourth and seventh weeks of embryonic life [1]. The size of the yolk sac ranges between 2 mm and 5 mm, and it continues to grow up to the 10th week of gestation. Abnormalities of the yolk sac are correlated with poor pregnancy outcomes [2,3].
Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology - June 2, 2020 Category: OBGYN Authors: Luis Alonso, Jose Carugno Tags: Images in Gynecologic Surgery Source Type: research

Correlations of UICC tumor stage and tumor regression on T2-weighted MRI sequences during definitive radiotherapy of cervical cancer.
CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between mean ptGTV reduction during EBRT and tumor stages. Tumors with higher T stages shrank less under radiation treatment, and the ptGTV of N1 patients responded better than that of N0 patients. PMID: 32701045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Tumori - July 24, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Tumori Source Type: research

Do morphologic characteristics play a role in nodal metastatic progression of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?
CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the new findings such as presence of dense stromal hyalinization and absence of remarkable lymphocytic infiltration could be predictive morphologic findings for the development of lymph node metastasis. PMID: 32705937 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Tumori - July 27, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Tumori Source Type: research

A Case of Primary Sinonasal Yolk Sac Tumor
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare and highly malignant germ cell tumor that is extremely rare in the nasal region. Herein, we present a case of biopsy-proven nasal YST admixed with transitional cell carcinoma in a 58-year-old woman. Complementary 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed the only FDG-avid mass in the right nasal cavity. This case indicates that YST could occur in the nasal region primarily, and 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool to distinguish between primary and metastatic lesions.
Source: Clinical Nuclear Medicine - October 7, 2020 Category: Nuclear Medicine Tags: Interesting Images Source Type: research

Hepatoid Teratoma, Hepatoid Yolk Sac Tumor, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 30 Cases
Rare hepatoid teratomas (HTs) in testicular germ cell tumor patients mimic hepatoid yolk sac tumor (HYST) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We compared the features of 2 metastatic HTs, 12 HYSTs, and 16 HCCs. The mean ages were 36, 40, and 62.5 years, respectively. The HTs formed sheets of hepatocyte-like cells with macrovesicular fat arranged in vague lobules with intervening fibrous bands containing biliary ductule–like structures and abortive portal triads. HTs lacked basement membrane deposits, with hepatoid cells staining for glypican-3, arginase, and HepPar-1 (2/2), whereas stains for CK19 (2/2) and CK7 (1/2) hig...
Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology - December 16, 2020 Category: Pathology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Case Report: Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors Originating From the Endometrium and the Broad Ligament: A Case Series and Literature Review
Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the endometrium and the broad ligament are very rare, with only 29 cases and one case of each other reported before in the English literature. Due to lack of standard guidelines, the treatment strategies of these diseases are controversial. Here, we share two cases of YSTs originating from the endometrium and the broad ligament respectively and review related literature. A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed with endometrial YST in our center and underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy with BEP (bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide) regimen for six courses. After follow-up for 21 months, there is sti...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - June 11, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Role of Radiotherapy in Recurrent Intra-Abdominal Yolk Sac Tumor
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare malignant germ cell tumor with no appropriate treatment strategy to date. However, patients are treated on a case-to-case basis as per various case reports that have been published. Here, we present a case of 27-year-old female patient who presented to us with chief complaints of severe abdominal pain associated with leucorrhea. She previously had a similar pain episode, which was then evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. She was diagnosed with YST. After that, she underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy, but there was no improvement. Then the medical oncologist referred her to performed radioth...
Source: Case Reports in Oncology - June 28, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Laparoscopic Trachelectomy for Cervix Yolk Sac Tumor in 11-Month-Old Girl: The Youngest Case
Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a malignant entity that often occurs in girls less than 3 years of age and is the most frequent type of primary extragonadal germ cell tumor.
Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology - June 19, 2021 Category: OBGYN Authors: Giovanni Torino, Agnese Roberti, Francesco Turr à, Vittoria Donofrio, Delfina Bifano, Massimo Abate, Giovanni Di Iorio Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Multimodal Treatment of Children With Sacrococcygeal Yolk Sac Tumor: Retrospective Analysis of Clinicopathology Characteristics and Relapse-free Survival
The aim of the study was to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics of sacrococcygeal yolk sac tumor (SYST) associated with relapse and the role of sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in predicting outcome. The authors investigated prognostic factors of age, stage, initial tumor size, pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and alfa fetoprotein. A total of 26 patients with SYST were enrolled. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 20 cases. Six patients underwent resection as initial therapy. Recurrence occurred in 12 patients. Nine patients with specimens exhibiting no malignant component after ch...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology - August 1, 2021 Category: Hematology Tags: Online Articles: Original Articles Source Type: research

Visualizing the spatiotemporal pattern of yolk sac membrane vascular network by enhanced local fractal analysis
ConclusionsThe spatial distribution of the complexity of the yolk sac membrane vascular network exhibited diverse patterns at different stages. And from E3 to E4, the increment of complexity at the intersection areas between arteries and sinus terminalis was with the most advance. This is consistent with the physiological evidence. The present work provides a potential approach for investigating the spatiotemporal pattern of the angiogenic process.
Source: Microcirculation - December 13, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Peilun Li, Qing Pan, Sheng Jiang, Wolfgang M. Kuebler, Axel R. Pries, Gangmin Ning Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research