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SAMHD1 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with HIV/SIV virus load in PBMC from Chinese rhesus macaques and cynomolgus macaques.
Conclusion-Based on these results, we concluded that SAMHD1 polymorphisms did not affect SIVmac239 replication in CM, but perhaps altered HIV-2ROD infection; however, different sites of the SAM domain of SAMHD1 were responsible for restricting the replication of different viruses in CR. PMID: 27758709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 17, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ling F, He DD, Wang W, Jin YB, Zhang HL Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Comparison of Antibody Immune responses to different HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Mutants.
Abstract The identification of immunogens is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development. In our previous study, we demonstrated that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein mutants based on the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)attenuated vaccine enhance immunogenicity, both for DNA immunization alone and as a combined DNA prime-vaccinia boost immunization. An RV144 clinical trial has demonstrated that an envelope protein boost may provide some degree of protection against HIV-1 infection. In order to explore the antibody immune responses to two HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein mutants based on ...
Source: Current HIV Research - November 7, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Liu JD, Ren L, Ju B, Song W, Ge XY, Hong KX, Liu Y, Xu W, Hao YL, Shao YM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

CUL5 and APOBEC3G polymorphisms are partially implicated in HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy in a Brazilian population.
CONCLUSION: Our findings report novel genetic variants, different from the ones exhaustively described, associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 (CUL5 rs7103534, rs7117111) and partial viral load control (APOBEC3G rs2294367). Replica studies performed on higher number of subjects and subsequent validation of the functional role of CUL5 and APOBEC3G genetic variants associated with HIV-1 infection and viral replication are envisaged to confirm our and the literature findings. PMID: 28302043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 14, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: da Silva RC, Coelho AV, Moura RR, Arraes LC, Brandão LA, Guimarães RL, Crovella S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV-specific ADCC - new technologies to study ADCC and importance for the HIV vaccine field.
Abstract There is now intense interest in the role of HIV-specific antibodies and the engagement of FcγR functions in the control and prevention of HIV infection. The RV144 vaccine study, natural progression cohorts, and macaque studies all point to a role for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the control of HIV. However, reliable assays that can be reproducibly used across different laboratories to measure ADCC and other Fc-dependent functions of antibodies are limited. We recently developed a novel ELISA-based assay to detect the binding of viral antigen-specific antibodies to the ectodomains o...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wines BD, Billings H, Mclean MR, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Progress in HIV-1 antibody research using humanized mice
Purpose of review: Recent discoveries of highly potent broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies provide new opportunities to successfully prevent, treat, and potentially cure HIV-1 infection. To test their activity in vivo, humanized mice have been shown to be a powerful model and were used to investigate antibody-mediated prevention and therapy approaches. In this review, we will summarize recent findings in humanized mice that have informed on the potential use of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1 in humans. Recent findings: Humanized mouse models have been used to demonstrate the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1 ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research

The role of IL-27 and its receptor in the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS and anti-viral immune response.
CONCLUSION: IL-27 signaling (IL-27 and its receptor) may be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients who underwent HAART. IL-27 may exert effects through regulating Th1 / Th2 ratio. PMID: 28521720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zheng YH, Xiao SL, He B, He Y, Zhou HY, Chen Z, He M, Wang HY, Lin YH, Cao J Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Drug Resistance Testing in a Resource Limited Setting with high Viral Diversity: The first Twenty Eight Months Experience.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed that a group of patients with antiretroviral therapy failure harbored multi-drug resistance mutations related to the majority of drugs in the first line regimen. Therefore, HIV resistance testing could be a useful tool to improve HIV care in resource limited settings like Cameroon where treatment options are limited. PMID: 28745207 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 25, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ngo-Malabo ET, Ngoupo PA, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Akongnwi E, Banaï R, Ngono L, Njouom R, Bilong-Bilong CF, Kfutwah A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Type 1 Integrase Natural Polymorphisms in Viral Variants Circulating in FSU Countries.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest a very low risk of initiating INSTI-based therapy in patients with pre-existing polymorphic mutations in Russia and FSU countries. The therapy response in dominating HIV-1 genetic variants might be further studied in the future for a better understanding of their effect on INSTI susceptibility. The INSTI TDR is absent for the moment, but the risk may increase with expanded use of INSTIs, indicating the need for ongoing surveillance. PMID: 28814231 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - August 15, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lapovok I, Laga V, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Impact of high protein intake on viral load and hematological parameters in HIV-infected patients.
CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence for an association between plasma L-lysine level and viral load. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenic impact of animal protein and L-lysine consumption on the HIV-1 RNA levels and must be considered in further research for the development of new approaches in the treatment of HIV infection in era of HAART. PMID: 28969557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 2, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Butorov EV Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Insights on transmission of HIV from phylogenetic analysis to locally optimize HIV prevention strategies
In this study, we will review phylogenetic insights gained on transmission of HIV and phylogenetically optimized HIV prevention strategies. Recent findings Phylogenetic analysis reports that HIV transmission varies by geographical region and by route of transmission. In high-income countries, HIV is predominantly transmitted between recently infected MSM who live in the same country. In rural Uganda, transmission of HIV is frequently between different communities. Age-discrepant transmission has been reported across the world. Four studies have used phylogenetic optimization of HIV prevention. Three studies predict that...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

Anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: is there more to antibodies than neutralization?
Purpose of review An increasing body of evidence suggests that nonneutralizing Fc effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) contribute to protection against HIV-1 acquisition. We discuss recent advances in anti-HIV-1 ADCC research with a particular focus on ADCC mediated by Env-specific antibodies in vitro and in vivo, the curative potential of HIV-1-specific ADCC antibodies and the mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to ADCC. Recent findings ADCC activities of broadly neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibody panels were recently characterized in vitro against several lab-adap...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

IL-10 promoter -592 polymorphism may influence resistance to HIV infection in South Indian population.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests the association of IL-10 -592 "AA" genotype with susceptibility to HIV under dominant model in the Southern Indian population. Future studies are needed with a larger sample size in order to confirm the observations made in this study. PMID: 29468971 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 19, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Harishankar M, Ravikrishnan H, Ravishankar A, Elizabeth LH, Swaminathan S, Selvaraj P, Bethunaickan R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The challenges of timely and safe HIV disclosure among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa
Purpose of review Improved access to antiretroviral therapy has resulted in an emerging population of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Full disclosure of an HIV diagnosis includes naming HIV/AIDS and is an important step in coping with HIV. We reviewed the recent trends in the rates of children/adolescents who have been informed of their HIV infection according to age groups, the barriers and the evaluated interventions aimed at improving the HIV disclosure process to ALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent findings Literature shows that HIV disclosure remains challenging in sub-Saharan Af...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - May 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ADOLESCENTS AND HIV: Edited by Mary-Ann Davies and Elizabeth Hamlyn Source Type: research

Barriers to, and emerging strategies for, HIV testing among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa
Purpose of review HIV/AIDS is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa and 40% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in this group. HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is the critical first step to accessing HIV treatment. The prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection is substantially higher in adolescents compared with adults. We review barriers to HTC for adolescents and emerging HTC strategies appropriate to adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent findings There are substantial individual, health system and legal barriers to HTC among adolescents, and stigma by providers and communit...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - May 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: ADOLESCENTS AND HIV: Edited by Mary-Ann Davies and Elizabeth Hamlyn Source Type: research