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Total 237420 results found since Jan 2013.
Cortical consequences of HIV-1 Tat exposure in rats are enhanced by chronic cocaine.
Abstract
The life span of individuals that are sero-positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has greatly improved; however, complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) remain a concern. While HIV does not directly infect neurons, the proteins produced by the virus, including HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat), are released from infected glia; these proteins can be neurotoxic. This neurotoxicity is thought to mediate the pathology underlying HIV-associated neurological impairments. Cocaine abuse is common among HIV infected individuals, and this abuse augments HIV-associated neurological ...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wayman WN, Chen L, Persons AL, Napier TC Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Correlates of Patient Retention in HIV Care and Treatment Programs in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: 3 out of 4 pre-ART patients and 1-in-4 ART patients were not retained in 37HIV treatment facilities in Nigeria. These findings provide insight that enables HIV programs integrate retention strategies at all stages of the HIV care continuum.
PMID: 25777516 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 17, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ugoji C, Okere N, Dakum P, Ake-Uzoigwe R, Igboelina D, Ndembi N, Ekong E, Charurat M, Blattner W Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-1 Early Infant Diagnosis is an Effective Indicator of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program Performance: Experience from Cameroon.
CONCLUSIONS: Using EID dataset, it appears that considerable reduction in HIV MTCT may be achievable through access to ARV (option B+) and adequate infant feeding option (especially FF) in Cameroon. EID programme is therefore an effective routine approach for PMTCT programme evaluation in resource-limited settings.
PMID: 25845391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: SaoundeTemgoua EM, Nkenfou CN, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC, Fokam J, Billong SC, Sosso SM, Tangipumdu C, Elong EL, Domkan I, Colizzi V Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Herpes Virus Entry Mediator, which Decreases in HIV Infection, Can Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Regulatory T Cell and Predict Recovery of CD4+T-cells During HAART.
In this study, we found that the blockage of the HVEM could weaken Tregs' suppressive activity to effector T cells (Teffs). HVEM expression is reduced during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection and fairly predictive of the recovery of CD4+T-cells in response to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), more so than nadir CD4+T-cell count or viral load. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of HVEM in relation to Treg function and HIV disease progression, which would have therapeutic implications and provide insight into the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
PMID: ...
Source: Current HIV Research - April 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fu Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhao W, Liao C, Shang H Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Restriction Factors in HIV-1 Disease Progression.
Abstract
About 35 million people worldwide were living with HIV-1 at the end of 2013 and over 25 million have already died of AIDS. AIDS patients show high variability in the speed of disease progression in the absence of treatment. While certain immunological traits have been shown to correlate with accelerated or slowed progression in some subjects, including slow progressors, factors controlling HIV-1 replication and disease kinetics remain largely enigmatic. The importance of T lymphocytes and of protective HLA-alleles is undeniable, but not sufficient to explain every attenuated phenotype. A thorough understa...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Merindol N, Berthoux L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Aichi Virus Positivity in HIV-1 Seropositive Children Hospitalized with Diarrheal Disease.
Abstract
Aichi viruses (AiV) have been detected in patients with diarrheal diseases (DD). The aim of this study was to assess AiV infection rates in hospitalized children with DD, including 123 HIV-1 seropositive and 125 HIV-1 seronegative patients, in two public pediatric hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AiV was investigated by nested RT-PCR. The AiV-positive samples were also tested for specie A rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, enteric adenovirus and bocavirus in order to assess co-infections. AiV parcial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. AiV were detected in 9/123 (7.32%) of the H...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rodrigues Portes SA, Mello Volotao Ed, Rose TL, Rocha MS, Trindade Pinheiro Xavier Mda P, de Assis RM, Fialho AM, Rocha MS, Miagostovich MP, Gagliardi Leite JP, Carvalho-Costa FA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
What Counselors Tell Low-Risk Clients About HIV Test Performance.
Abstract
In 1998, Gigerenzer et al. studied how heterosexual men with low-risk behavior were counseled about the accuracy of HIV test results. Most professional counselors conveyed the illusions that false positives do not occur and that a positive HIV test result means that the client is certainly infected. To help improve counseling quality, the authors provided feedback to all counseling centers in Germany. Sixteen years later we assessed whether HIV counseling in Germany has improved by replicating the original study with an expanded sample of 32 randomly selected counseling centers across the country. Since t...
Source: Current HIV Research - July 16, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Prinz R, Feufel MA, Gigerenzer G, Wegwarth O Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
The Interplay Between Host Genetic Variation, Viral Replication, and Microbial Translocation in Untreated HIV-Infected Individuals
Systemic immune activation, a major determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, is the result of a complex interplay between viral replication, dysregulation of the immune system, and microbial translocation due to gut mucosal damage. Although human genetic variants influencing HIV load have been identified, it is unknown how much the host genetic background contributes to interindividual differences in other determinants of HIV pathogenesis such as gut damage and microbial translocation. Using samples and data from 717 untreated participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and a genome-wide associ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - July 23, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Perkins, M. R., Bartha, I., Timmer, J. K., Liebner, J. C., Wollinsky, D., Gunthard, H. F., Hauser, C., Bernasconi, E., Hoffmann, M., Calmy, A., Battegay, M., Telenti, A., Douek, D. C., Fellay, J., the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Au Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Perspectives of genome-editing technologies 1 for HIV therapy.
Abstract
Current HIV antiretroviral therapies potently suppress virus replication and prevent patients from progressing to AIDS but are unable to completely eliminate HIV due to the existence of dormant viral reservoirs which threaten to reemerge at anytime. Recently, genome-editing technologies that can recognize specific DNA sequences, including viral DNA, are being touted as promising tools for curing HIV, owing to their specificity, ease of use, and ability to be custom designed. Here, we introduce several novel strategies aimed at eradicating HIV proviruses with state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies an...
Source: Current HIV Research - August 6, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ebina H, Gee P, Koyanagi Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Cross-sectional survey comparing HIV risk behaviours of adolescent and young adult men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women in the US and Puerto Rico
Conclusions
MSMW were more likely to report several markers of socioeconomic vulnerability or behaviours associated with increased risk for HIV than MSMO. MSMW contribute to HIV prevalence in the USA, and better understanding of the risk profile of this group is essential to understand heterosexual HIV transmission. MSMW, particularly those who identify as bisexual or questioning, may feel uncomfortable participating in programmes that are designed for gay-identified men. Therefore, prevention strategies need to target distinct subgroups that compose the population of MSM.
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections - August 20, 2015 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Ellen, J. M., Greenberg, L., Willard, N., Stines, S., Korelitz, J., Boyer, C. B., and the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions Tags: Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Reproductive medicine, Adolescent health, Child health, Condoms, HIV / AIDS, HIV infections Behaviour Source Type: research
Applying Triple-Matrix Masking for Privacy Preserving Data Collection and Sharing in HIV Studies.
Abstract
Many HIV research projects are plagued by the high missing rate of self-reported information during data collection. Also, due to the sensitive nature of the HIV research data, privacy protection is always a concern for data sharing in HIV studies. This paper applies a data masking approach, called triple-matrix masking [1], to the context of HIV research for ensuring privacy protection during the process of data collection and data sharing. Using a set of generated HIV patient data, we show step by step how the data are randomly transformed (masked) before leaving the patients' individual data collection...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Pei Q, Chen S, Xiao Y, Wu SS Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Early Initiation Rather Than Prolonged Duration of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Infection Contributes to the Normalization of CD8 T-Cell Counts
Conclusions. ART initiated in early HIV infection is associated with improved resolution of CD8 T-cell elevation compared with long-term ART initiated in chronic infection. Early ART may help reduce the risk of non–AIDS-related events by alleviating this elevation.
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases - December 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Cao, W., Mehraj, V., Trottier, B., Baril, J.-G., Leblanc, R., Lebouche, B., Cox, J., Tremblay, C., Lu, W., Singer, J., Li, T., Routy, J.-P., for the Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study Group, the Montreal Primary HIV Infection Study Group, Vezina, Chares Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research
Apobec3G-Based Strategies to Defeat HIV Infection.
CONCLUSION: Here we present a review that discuss the role of A3G as a host innate immunity factor and its application in HIV therapy.
PMID: 26957196 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ran X, Ao Z, Yao X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
The Early Bird Catches the Worm - Can Evolution Teach us Lessons in Fighting HIV?
CONCLUSION: Future drug development, improvement of existing drugs acting in the earliest stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle as well as specifically targeting interactions of viral components with host cell factors required for HIV-1 infection will likely advance current therapy strategies.
PMID: 26957195 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Schaller T, Herold N Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Opioids and Opioid Maintenance Therapies: Their Impact on Monocyte- Mediated HIV Neuropathogenesis.
CONCLUSION: Here, we will discuss the effects of opioids and opioid maintenance therapies on the inflammatory functions of monocytes and macrophages that are related to the development of neuroinflammation in the context of HIV infection.
PMID: 27009099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jaureguiberry-Bravo M, Wilson R, Carvallo L, Berman JW Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
