This page shows you your search results in order of relevance. This is page number 8.

Order by Relevance | Date

Total 237420 results found since Jan 2013.

Bioinformatic Analysis of HIV-1 Entry and Pathogenesis.
Abstract The evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with respect to co-receptor utilization has been shown to be relevant to HIV-1 pathogenesis and disease.The CCR5-utilizing (R5) virus has been shown to be important in the very early stages of transmission and highly prevalent during asymptomatic infection and chronic disease.In addition, the R5 virus has been proposed to be involved in neuroinvasion and central nervous system (CNS) disease.In contrast, the CXCR4-utilizing (X4) virus is more prevalent during the course of disease progression and concurrent with the loss of CD4+Tcells.The dual-tr...
Source: Current HIV Research - May 26, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aiamkitsumrit B, Dampier W, Antell G, Rivera N, Martin-Garcia J, Pirrone V, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Heme Oxygenase-1 Dysregulation in the Brain: Implications for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.
Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that sub-serves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, brain HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast,we have found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decre...
Source: Current HIV Research - May 26, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Mononuclear Phagocyte Accumulation in Visceral Tissue in HIV Encephalitis: Evidence for Increased Monocyte/Macrophage Trafficking and Altered Differentiation.
Abstract The invasion of circulating monocytes/macrophages (Mφ)s from the peripheral blood into the central nervous system (CNS) appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV dementia (HIV-D), the most severe form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), often confirmed histologically as HIV encephalitis (HIVE). In order to determine if trafficking of monocytes/Mφs is exclusive to the CNS or if it also occurs in organs outside of the brain, we have focused our investigation on visceral tissues of patients with HIVE. Liver, lymph node, spleen, and kidney autopsy tissues from the same HIVE...
Source: Current HIV Research - July 13, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fischer T, Wyatt CM, D'Agati VD, Croul S, McCourt L, Morgello S, Rappaport J Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

2´,3´-Dialdehyde of ATP, ADP, and Adenosine Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and HIV-1 Replication.
Abstract The 2´3´-dialdehyde of ATP or oxidized ATP (oATP) is a compound known for specifically making covalent bonds with the nucleotide-binding site of several ATP-binding enzymes and receptors. We investigated the effects of oATP and other oxidized purines on HIV-1 infection and we found that this compound inhibits HIV-1 and SIV infection by blocking early steps of virus replication. oATP, oxidized ADP (oADP), and oxidized Adenosine (oADO) impacts the natural activity of endogenous reverse transcriptase enzyme (RT) in cell free virus particles and are able to inhibit viral replication in different cell types ...
Source: Current HIV Research - August 25, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Schachter J, Valadão AL, Aguiar RS, Barreto-de-Souza V, Rossi AD, Arantes PR, Verli H, Quintana PG, Heise N, Tanuri A, Bou-Habib DC, Persechini PM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Monocytes are Susceptible to Chronic, Highly Productive HIV Infection.
Abstract Peripheral blood monocytes of HIV-infected individuals carry virus, constituting one potential reservoir. However, most studies of infection in tissue culture find monocytes refractory to HIV replication, suggesting that culture conditions limit the relative susceptibility of this target cell. We employed a tissue culture system optimized for maintenance of human monocytes without differentiation and compared HIV infection efficiency of monocytes and fully differentiated monocyte derived macrophages (MDM). We tested direct virus-cell fusion, expression of cell lineage markers, and productive HIV infection...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 16, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Saini M, Potash MJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Aerobic Fitness Levels and Validation of a Non Exercise VO2max Prediction Equation for HIV-Infected Patients on HAART
Background: Non-exercise (N-EX) questionnaires have been developed to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in healthy populations. There are limited reliable and validated N-EX questionnaires for the HIV+ population that provide estimates of habitual physical activity and not VO2max. Objectives: To determine how well regression equations developed previously on healthy populations, including N-EX prediction equations for VO2max and age-predicted maximal heart rates (APMHR), worked on an HIV+ population; and to develop a specific N-EX prediction equation for VO2max and APMHR for HIV+ individuals. Methods: Sixty-six...
Source: HIV Clinical Trials - April 7, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Clinical Trials Source Type: research

How does the timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute infection affect HIV reservoirs?
Purpose of review: The long-lived viral reservoir is a major obstacle to achieving a cure for HIV. Therapeutic strategies, such as early antiretroviral therapy (ART), may be a prerequisite to achieving long-term control of viral replication upon ART withdrawal. Recent findings: HIV persistence is established early in acute HIV infection (AHI) with infection in long-lived memory CD4+ T cells. Studies conducted in nonhuman primates have suggested that this could occur as early as 3 days postinfection; however, the timing in humans is uncertain. ART during AHI significantly restricts the HIV reservoirs as compared with later ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 4, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: THE CASE FOR EARLY ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY TOWARDS A CURE OF HIV INFECTION: Edited by John W. Mellors and Jintanat Ananworanich Source Type: research

Review: influence of ART on HIV genetics
Purpose of review: HIV genetic diversity poses major challenges for the prevention, control, and cure of infection. Characterizing the diversity and evolution of HIV populations within the host provides insights into the mechanisms of HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review describes the HIV diversity within patients, how it is affected by suppressive ART, and makes a case for early treatment after HIV infection. Recent findings: HIV evolution is effectively halted by ART. However, cells that were infected prior to initiating therapy can proliferate to very high numbers both before and during treat...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 4, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: THE CASE FOR EARLY ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY TOWARDS A CURE OF HIV INFECTION: Edited by John W. Mellors and Jintanat Ananworanich Source Type: research

Reviving an Old HIV-1 Gene: the HIV-1 Antisense Protein.
Abstract The existence of an HIV-1 protein translated from an antisense transcript was suggested over 25 years ago. However, this Antisense Protein (ASP) gene has still not been completely accepted by the HIV-1 research community. The aim of this review is to discuss recent findings, which suggest that ASP needs to be considered as a viral gene, playing an important role in HIV-1 replication and persistence. In past years, several studies have highlighted the existence of HIV-1 antisense transcripts. More recently, we and others have convincingly demonstrated that this transcript produces a protein with a unique d...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 2, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Torresilla C, Mesnard JM, Barbeau B Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Characterization of HBV among HBV/HIV-1 co-infected Injecting Drug Users from Mombasa, Kenya.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HBV co-infection among HIV-infected IDUs in Mombasa, Kenya was 12.5%. Phylogenetically, sequences obtained from this study showed clusters that were distinct from reported Kenyan reference sequences from the Genbank. The findings point to an existence of a transmission network among IDUs in Mombasa. This further suggests that HBV genotypes in Kenya may be regionally diverse. PMID: 25613131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kibaya RM, Lihana RW, Lihana RW, Kiptoo M, Songok EM, Zipporah N, Osman S, Ishizaki A, Xiuqiong BI, Okoth FA, Ichimura H, Lwembe RM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Contribution of recombination to the evolutionary history of HIV
Purpose of review: An improved understanding of how recombination affects the evolutionary history of HIV is crucial to understand its current and future evolution. The present review aims to disentangle the manifold effects of recombination on HIV by discussing its effects on the evolutionary history and the adaptive potential of HIV in the context of concepts from evolutionary genetics and genomics. Recent findings: The increasing occurrence of secondary contacts between divergent subtype populations (during coinfection) results in increased observations of recombinants worldwide. Recombination is heterogeneous along the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 4, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: GENOMICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Amalio Telenti Source Type: research

Chronic HIV-1 Tat and HIV reduce Rbfox3/NeuN: Evidence for sex-related effects.
Abstract The NeuN antibody has been widely used to identify and quantify neurons in normal and disease situations based on binding to a nuclear epitope in most types of neurons. This epitope was recently identified as the RNA-binding, feminizing locus on X-3 (Rbfox3), a member of the larger, mammalian Fox1 family of RNA binding proteins. Fox1 proteins recognize a unique UGCAUG mRNA motif and regulate alternative splicing of precursor mRNA to control post-transcriptional events important in neuronal differentiation and central nervous system development. Recent clinical findings show that Rbfox3/NeuN gene dosage is...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hahn YK, Masvekar RR, Xu R, Hauser KF, Knapp PE Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Nef Promotes Expression of B-Lymphocyte Stimulator by Blood Dendritic Cells During HIV Infection in Humans
Dendritic cells (DCs) modulate B-cell survival and differentiation, mainly through production of growth factors such as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS; also known as "B-cell factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family" [BAFF]). We have recently shown that, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals with rapid and those with classic disease progression, B-cell dysregulations were associated with increased BLyS expression in plasma and by blood myeloid DCs (mDCs), in contrast to aviremic HIV-infected individuals with slow disease progression (also known as "elite controllers"). In previous work ...
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - March 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chagnon-Choquet, J., Gauvin, J., Roger, J., Fontaine, J., Poudrier, J., Roger, M., for the Montreal Primary HIV Infection and Slow Progressor Study Groups, for the Montreal Primary HIV Infection and Slow Progressor Study Groups, Vassal, Legault, Routy, Tr Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research

HIV type 1 subtype A1 dominates in Armenia.
CONCLUSIONS: The composition and distribution of HIV-1 genetic variants in Armenia is evidently influenced by the Russian and other FSU countries epidemic, due to the significant volume of Armenian migrant/re-emigrant flows. Continued surveillance of HIV-1 circulating subtypes and drug resistance in Armenia is important for the proper management of HIV infection in this country. PMID: 25845390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Laga V, Vasilyev A, Lapovok I, Grigoryan S, Papoyan A, Glushchenko N, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Natural history of liver disease and effect of hepatitis C virus on HIV disease progression
Purpose of review: Due to high prevalence rates, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the HIV cause two viral infections of global importance. Shared routes of transmission lead to a high number of dually infected individuals especially in specific populations such as intravenous drug users or people from highly endemic regions for both viruses. Treatment progress made in the field of HIV in the past three decades diminished the number of HIV patients who die from opportunistic infections and enabled a rise of HCV-associated liver disease in the HIV–HCV-coinfected population. Recent findings: An HIV–HCV coinfection is mainl...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - August 7, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HCV DIRECT ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN HIV: Edited by Karine Lacombe and Sanjay R. Bhagani Source Type: research