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Management of HIV/AIDS in older patients–drug/drug interactions and adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Mary J Burgess,1 John D Zeuli,2 Mary J Kasten31Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; 2Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 3Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAAbstract: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are living longer with their disease, as HIV has become a chronic illness managed with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This has led to an increasing number of patients greater than 50 years old living successfully with HIV. As the number of older adults with ...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - October 27, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Disclosure of HIV-positive status to sexual partner and associated factors among ART users in Mekelle Hospital
Conclusion: An HIV-positive status disclosure to a sexual partner in this study was lower than what was reported in other studies in Ethiopia. The duration of HIV-related care follow-up, knowing partner's HIV status, and prior discussion were the main factors that affected the practice of HIV-positive status disclosure to their sexual partners.Keywords: cross sectional, institution based, systematic sampling, multivariate analysis
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - July 9, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Kill: boosting HIV-specific immune responses
Purpose of review: Increasing evidence suggests that purging the latent HIV reservoir in virally suppressed individuals will require both the induction of viral replication from its latent state and the elimination of these reactivated HIV-infected cells (‘Shock and Kill’ strategy). Boosting potent HIV-specific CD8+ T cells is a promising way to achieve an HIV cure. Recent findings: Recent studies provided the rationale for developing immune interventions to increase the numbers, function and location of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells to purge HIV reservoirs. Multiple approaches are being evaluated including very early sup...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research

Persistent HIV-1 replication during antiretroviral therapy
Purpose of review: The present review will highlight some of the recent findings regarding the capacity of HIV-1 to replicate during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent findings: Although ART is highly effective at inhibiting HIV replication, it is not curative. Several mechanisms contribute to HIV persistence during ART, including HIV latency, immune dysfunction, and perhaps persistent low-level spread of the virus to uninfected cells (replication). The success in curing HIV will depend on efficiently targeting these three aspects. The degree to which HIV replicates during ART remains controversial. Most studies have fa...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research

CD4+ T-cell count may not be a useful strategy to monitor antiretroviral therapy response in HTLV-1/HIV co-infected patients.
CONCLUSIONS: We show that HTLV-1/HIV co-infected participants continued to have elevated CD4+ T-cell counts after developing virologic failure on ART, despite no difference in their HIV viral load levels when compared with HIV mono-infected participants. Our results indicate that CD4+ T-cell count testing may not be a useful strategy to monitor ART response in the presence of HTLV-1 infection. PMID: 28215175 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 15, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Vandormael A, Rego F, Danaviah S, Alcantara L, Boulware D, de Oliveira T Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis Infections Among Military Personnel in Sierra Leone.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among military personnel was higher than the general population of Sierra Leone. Several high-risk sexual behaviors that expose soldiers to HIV and syphilis could be addressed through prevention interventions. PMID: 28521722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Djibo DA, Sahr F, McCutchan JA, Jain S, Araneta MRG, Brodine SK, Shaffer RA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Global HIV Prevention, Testing, and Counseling in Military Populations.
CONCLUSION: The Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs supports implementation of these building blocks though partnerships with foreign militaries. This comprehensive prevention package, when closely linked with HIV treatment services, is the cornerstone of creating an HIV-free generation in military and surrounding communities worldwide. PMID: 28521713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Grillo MP, Sloan M, Wankie C, Woodland K, Reader E, Porter B, Shaffer R, Macera CA, Bulterys M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

High Seroprevalence of Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection in HIV-Positive Homosexual Men in Jiangsu Province, China.
CONCLUSION: This study showed a high seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in HIV- positive homosexual men. PMID: 28606034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - June 12, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Li J, Song J, Tan G, Wang J, Zhou Z, Wu X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Prevalence of HIV-Seropositivity and Associated Impact on Mortality among Injured Patients from Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Available data indicate that HIV-seropositivity among the injured is high relative to national rates and may increase mortality, suggesting that integrated HIV-injury programming could be beneficial. Given the data limitations, further study of the HIV-injury intersection is crucially needed. PMID: 28933280 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 19, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aluisio AR, Rege S, Stewart BT, Kinuthia J, Levine AC, Mello MJ, Farquhar C Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension
Purpose of review: HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) is a well-recognized severe cardiovascular complication of HIV infection that confers an adverse prognosis irrespective of the stage of disease. This review will summarize the available data on HIV-PAH epidemiology and provide insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies currently available. Recent findings: Patients with HIV are several thousand times more likely to develop HIV-PAH compared to the incidence of idiopathic PAH. Several HIV viral proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis although the exact mechanism remains unknown...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 7, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Cognitive trajectories over 4 years among HIV-infected women with optimal viral suppression
Conclusions: Cognitive difficulties remain among HIV+ women despite persistent viral suppression. In some instances, VS women are worse than NVS women, reinforcing the need for novel adjunctive therapies to attenuate cognitive problems.
Source: Neurology - October 9, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Rubin, L. H., Maki, P. M., Springer, G., Benning, L., Anastos, K., Gustafson, D., Villacres, M. C., Jiang, X., Adimora, A. A., Waldrop-Valverde, D., Vance, D. E., Bolivar, H., Alden, C., Martin, E. M., Valcour, V. G., For the Women's Interagency HIV Study Tags: HIV, Neuropsychological assessment, HIV dementia, Assessment of cognitive disorders/dementia ARTICLE Source Type: research

Pilot Integration of HIV Screening and Healthcare Settings with Multi-Component Social Network and Partner Testing for HIV Detection.
CONCLUSIONS: TNT complements population screening by more directly targeting high-risk individuals and by expanding the population receiving testing. Information from existing healthcare services could be used to seed TNT programs, or TNT could be implemented within healthcare settings. Research evaluating multi-component, multi-venue HIV detection is necessary to maximize complementary approaches while minimizing redundancy. PMID: 29046159 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 17, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rentz MF, Ruffner AH, Ancona RM, Hart KW, Kues JR, Barczak CM, Lindsell CJ, Fichtenbaum CJ, Lyons MS Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Evolution of Host Target Cell Specificity During HIV-1 Infection.
Abstract Many details of HIV-1 molecular virology have been translated into life-saving antiviral drugs. Yet, we have an incomplete understanding of the cells in which HIV-1 replicates in untreated individuals and persists in during antiretroviral therapy. HIV-1 entry into a target cell is determined by whether the viral receptor (CD4) and the coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) are expressed on that cell. Sustained HIV-1 replication in a cell type can produce viral lineages that are tuned to the CD4 density and coreceptor expressed on those cells; a fact that allows us to use Env protein entry phenotypes to infer informat...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 21, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Council OD, Joseph SB Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension
Purpose of review HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) is a well-recognized severe cardiovascular complication of HIV infection that confers an adverse prognosis irrespective of the stage of disease. This review will summarize the available data on HIV-PAH epidemiology and provide insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies currently available. Recent findings Patients with HIV are several thousand times more likely to develop HIV-PAH compared to the incidence of idiopathic PAH. Several HIV viral proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis although the exact mechanism remains unkno...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research

Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies
Purpose of review The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. Recent findings Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research