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Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid 25(OH)Vitamin D3 Levels in HIV-1 and Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Center in North India.
CONCLUSION: Lower levels of serum and BALF 25D3 were observed in HIV, TB, and HIV-TB coinfected patients. Localized deficiency of vitamin D metabolites might be associated with increased vulnerability to TB infection. PMID: 29807518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 27, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sinha S, Gupta K, Mandal D, Das BK, Pandey RM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Sexual Roles, Risk Sexual Behaviours, and HIV Prevalence among Men who Have Sex with Men Seeking HIV Testing in Changsha, China.
CONCLUSION: Different sexual roles are associated with high-risk sexual behaviors among MSMs and their HIV infection status. Further research should target preventive interventions, and improve the effectiveness of the intervention according to the characteristics of the subgroups to reduce the HIV transmission among Chinese MSMs. PMID: 29992887 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lei Y, Zhang K, Xiao X, Tang C, Li X, Wang H Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV DNA: a clinical marker of HIV reservoirs
Purpose of review A number studies are currently underway to develop new drugs aimed at reducing the HIV reservoir or achieving ART-free control of HIV infection. Many markers of HIV reservoirs have been proposed, each one having a different meaning. Total HIV DNA dynamics during the course of HIV infection and its predictive value are now well known. This marker allowed to estimate the size of HIV reservoir at different stages of HIV infection in blood, cell subsets and tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this review is timely and relevant, with the objective to discuss how total HIV DNA might be helpful in the clinical ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - August 3, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING LONG-TERM HIV REMISSION: Edited by Jean-Daniel Lelièvre and Timothy J. Henrich Source Type: research

Prospects for a vaccine to prevent HIV-related tuberculosis
Purpose of review To outline the need for a new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine; challenges for induction of vaccine-mediated protection in HIV-infected persons; and recent advances in clinical development. Recent findings HIV has a detrimental effect on T-cell function, polarization and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific T cells, Mtb antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and leads to B-cell and antibody-response deficiencies. Previous observations of protection against TB disease in HIV-infected persons by Mycobacterium obuense suggest that an effective vaccine against HIV-related TB is feasibl...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 9, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV: Edited by Richard E. Chaisson and Haileyesus Getahun Source Type: research

90-90-90 HIV targets: implications for HIV-associated tuberculosis
Purpose of review The HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis syndemic remains a major global public health threat. HIV and tuberculosis (TB) global targets have been set. Success will depend on achieving combined disease control. We explore current policy, economic investment, and disease control strategies for HIV, TB, and HIV-associated TB. We review published HIV, TB, and HIV-associated TB data for 30 WHO priority countries and propose a comprehensive HIV and TB care continua. Recent findings In 2016, people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) ranged from 13 to 84%; viral suppression ranged from 2...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 9, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV: Edited by Richard E. Chaisson and Haileyesus Getahun Source Type: research

Near full-length genomic sequencing and molecular analysis of HIV-infected individuals in a network-based intervention (TRIP) in Athens, Greece: Evidence that transmissions occur more frequently from those with high HIV-RNA.
CONCLUSION: We showed that transmissions are more likely among PWID with high viremia. PMID: 30706819 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 30, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kostaki EG, Frampton D, Paraskevis D, Pantavou K, Ferns B, Raffle J, Grant P, Kozlakidis Z, Hadjikou A, Pavlitina E, Williams LD, Hatzakis A, Friedman SR, Nastouli E, Nikolopoulos GK Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Per-1 short isoform inhibits de novo HIV-1 transcription in resting CD4+ T-cells.
CONCLUSION: These data together suggest that Per-1 is a novel negative regulator of HIV-1 transcription. This restrictive activity of Per-1 to HIV-1 replication may contribute HIV-1 latency in resting CD4+ T-cells. PMID: 30774045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 18, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhao L, Liu M, Ouyang J, Zhu Z, Geng W, Dong J, Xiong Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Ding H, Sun H, Liang G, Shang H, Han X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of HIV adaptation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune pressures and its relevance to HIV prevention and cure research. Recent findings Recent research has confirmed that HLA is a major driver of individual and population-level HIV evolution, that HIV strains are adapting to the immunogenetic profiles of the different human ethnic groups in which they circulate, and that HIV adaptation has substantial clinical and immunologic consequences. As such, adaptation represents a major challenge to HIV prevention an...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

HIV epidemiology and prevention in southwestern China: trends from 1996-2017.
Abstract The aim of this review is to describe long-term HIV epidemiology and prevention trends in Guangxi, a provincial-level region located along a major drug trafficking corridor in southwestern China. Between 1996 and 2006, HIV transmission in Guangxi was primarily fueled by injection drug use (IDU). Since 2006, heterosexual sex has become the dominant mode of HIV transmission, followed by drug injection. Moreover, older, heterosexual adults appear to be at increasing risk for HIV. The vast majority of new HIV cases are attributed to local HIV subtypes already circulating within Guangxi (93%), though imported ...
Source: Current HIV Research - July 2, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chen H, Luo L, Pan SW, Lan G, Zhu Q, Li J, Zhu J, Chen Y, Shen Z, Ge X, Tang Z, Xing H, Shao Y, Ruan Y, Yang W Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Size of the Adult HIV-infected Population Adjusted for Unreported AIDS Mortality in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2008-2017.
CONCLUSION: Three major HIV/AIDS registers in Brazil showed significant under-notification of the HIV/AIDS epidemiological surveillance amenable to significant improvement by routine record linkage. PMID: 31556859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 25, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tombini LHT, Kupek E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Increase of HIV-1 Infection, Neurocognitive Impairment, and Type 2 Diabetes in The Rio Grande Valley.
Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection remains a persistent predicament for the State of Texas ranking seventh among the most documented HIV cases in the United States. In this regard, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) in South Texas is considered as one of the least investigated areas of the state with respect to HIV infection and HIV associated comorbidities. Considering the 115% increase in average HIV incidence rates per 100,000 within the RGV from 2007-2015, it is worth characterizing this population with respect to their HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), and th...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 28, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: De La Garza R, Rodrigo H, Fernandez F, Roy U Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Relationships between HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, cofilin hyperactivation, viral tropism switch and HIV-mediated CD4 depletion.
Abstract HIV infection causes CD4 depletion and immune deficiency. The virus infects CD4 T cells through binding to CD4 and one of the chemokine coreceptors, CXCR4 (X4) or CCR5 (R5). It has also been known that HIV tropism switch, from R5 to X4, is associated with rapid CD4 depletion, suggesting a key role of viral factors in driving CD4 depletion. However, the virological driver for HIV-mediated CD4 depletion has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that HIV-mediated chemokine coreceptor signaling, particularly chronic signaling through CXCR4, plays a major role in CD4 dysfunction and depletion; we also hyp...
Source: Current HIV Research - November 4, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: He S, Wu Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Development of A Fission Yeast Cell-based Platform for High Throughput Screening of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors.
CONCLUSION: We have successfully developed and validated a fission yeast cell-based HTS platform for the future screening and testing of HIV-1 PR inhibitors. PMID: 31782368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 26, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Benko Z, Zhang J, Zhao RY Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Emerging of CRF01_AE: a clinical story and future HIV/AIDS situation in Thailand.
Abstract The HIV epidemic in Thailand in the 1980's compromised the country's socio-economic development. The epidemic first became evident in the community of men with male sexual partners (MSM), and subsequently spread to intravenous drug users (IVDU), female commercial sex workers (CSW) and their male clients, and, ultimately, to their partners and children. The HIV epidemic has devastated the country's working age population. The extensive negative impact and social stigma associated with the disease do not only have impact on the victims of HIV but also on their descendants and relatives. An epicenter of the ...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 28, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Winichakoon P, Tongjai S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Adeno-associated viral vector mediated expression of broadly-neutralizing antibodies against HIV - hitting a fast-moving target.
Abstract The vast genetic variability of HIV has impeded efforts towards a cure for HIV. Life-long administration of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is highly effective against HIV and has markedly increased the life expectancy of HIV infected individuals. However, long-term cART usage is associated with co-morbidities and the emergence of multidrug-resistant escape mutants necessitating the development of alternative approaches to combat HIV/AIDS. In the past decade, the development of single-cell antibody cloning methods has facilitated the characterization of a diverse array of highly potent neutralizing...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 9, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sherpa C, Le Grice SFJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research