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Total 237420 results found since Jan 2013.

Genotypic Methods for HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring: the Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China.
Abstract AIDS is a globalized infectious disease. In 2014, UNAIDS launched a global project of "90-90-90" to end HIV epidemic by 2030. The second and third 90 require 90% of HIV-1 infected individuals receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and durable virological suppression. However, wide use of ART will greatly increase the emergence and spreading of HIV drug resistance and current HIV drug resistance test (DRT) assays in China is seriously lagging behind, hindering to achieve virological suppression. Therefore, recommending an appropriate HIV DRT method is critical for HIV routine surveillance and prevention in C...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 26, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zuo L, Peng K, Hu Y, Xu Q Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell Response to Autologous Peptides from Protease and Reverse Transcriptase of HIV-1 Clade B.
CONCLUSION: Autologous peptides should be considered for the evaluation of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and to reveal some relevant epitopes that could be useful for therapeutic strategies aiming to promote polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses in a specific population of HIV-infected patients. PMID: 31622220 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 15, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Saenz LA, Celis FP, Montoya CJ, Velilla PA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Survey of Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Network Analysis among HIV Patients in a High Drug-use Area of Southwest China.
CONCLUSIONS: The results show a moderate overall level of PDR prevalence and rapidly growing drug resistance over time. Preventive intervention should be focused on controlling the HIV epidemic among drug users, and surveillance is urgently needed to monitor the trend of PDR. PMID: 31778107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 26, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lei L, Aobo D, Lingjie L, Yi F, Yiming S, Shu L, Yuhua R, Hui X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Characterizing the Latent HIV-1 Reservoir in Patients with Viremia Suppressed on cART: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities.
Abstract Modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can bring HIV-1 in blood plasma to levels undetectable by standard tests, prevent the onset of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and allow a near-normal life expectancy for HIV-infected individuals. Unfortunately, cART is not curative, as within a few weeks of treatment cessation, HIV viremia in most patients rebounds to pre-ART levels. The primary source of this rebound, and the principal barrier to a cure, is the highly stable reservoir of latent, yet replication competent HIV-1 proviruses integrated into the genomic DNA of resting memory CD4+ T...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rausch JW, Le Grice SFJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Cumulative HIV viremia copy-years and hypertension in people living with HIV.
CONCLUSION: Persistent HIV infection is a risk factor for hypertension among PLWH. Information provided by VCY is more effective than single time-point VL measures in investigating HIV infection-hypertension relationship. Findings of this study support the significance of continuous viral suppression in hypertension prevention among PLWH. PMID: 32003696 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xu Y, Chen X, Wijayabahu A, Zhou Z, Yu B, Spencer EC, Cook RL Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

History of Alcohol Consumption and HIV Status Relate to Functional Connectivity Differences in the Brain During Working Memory Performance.
CONCLUSION: Findings allow for a better understanding of brain networks affected by HIV and alcohol and may provide avenues for interventions. PMID: 32065091 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bryant V, Gullett J, Porges E, Cook RL, Bryant K, Woods AJ, Williamson J, Ennis N, Cohen RA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis is more sensitive in patients with HIV co-infection.
CONCLUSION: The findings confirmed our hypothesis, despite the low sensitivity. MTb qPCR may significantly contribute to diagnosis when associated with clinical criteria and complementary examinations. PMID: 32368978 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 3, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: de Almeida SM, Santana LB, Jr GG, Kussen GB, Nogueira K Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1 β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Althugh serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a showed significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. PMID: 32652911 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 11, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Okay G, Koc MM, Guler EM, Yabaci A, Kocyigit A, Akkoyunlu Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

A TNF block genotype may influence CMV retinitis in HIV patients without affecting systemic viral replication.
Conclusion: The TNFA-308*A/BAT1(intron 10)*C haplotype appears to affect CMV-induced pathology rather than CMV replication. PMID: 32914715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 9, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Price P, Edwar L, Ha P, Ariyanto IA, Lee S, Estiasari R, Sitompul R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of the recombinant HIV-1 TAT protein along with Tenofovir drug.
CONCLUSION: Generally, combination of TAT protein and Tenofovir drug could significantly inhibit HIV-1 replication. It will be required to determine their mechanism of action in the next studies. PMID: 33045968 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 12, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yadavar-Nikravesh MS, Milani A, Vahabpour R, Khoobi M, Bakhshandeh H, Bolhassani A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Pidotimod and Immunological Activation in Individuals Infected with HIV.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings showed that the HIV population receiving Pidotimod achieved a rebalancing of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as a significant reduction in cystatin C levels. The treatment further allowed for an increase in salivary IgA levels at all the analyzed times, as secondary event to a remodulation of the immunological status obtained with pidotimod. This approach could represent a new way to design new intervention strategies aimed at improving the persistent immune activation status in the virologically suppressed HIV population. PMID: 33430735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 10, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ucciferri C, Falasca K, Reale M, Tamburro M, Auricchio A, Vignale F, Vecchiet J Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Operational Issues and Barriers to Implementation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract Over the past 10 years substantial progress has been made in the implementation of prevention of mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In spite of this, new pediatric infections remain unacceptably high, contributing the majority (>90%) of the estimated 390,000 infections globally in 2010; and yet prolonged breastfeeding remains the norm and crucial to overall infant survival. However, there is reason for optimism given the 2010 World Health Organization PMTCT recommendations: to start HIV infected pregnant women with CD4 cell counts less than 350 cell...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Aizire J, Fowler MG, Coovadia HM Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Drug Resistance in Mothers and Infants Following Use of Antiretrovirals to Prevent Mother-to-Child-Transmission.
Abstract The purpose of this article is to review prominent studies on HIV drug-resistance in mothers and their infants after the use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent mother-to-child-transmission in resource-limited communities. The effects of drug-resistance on subsequent combination antiretroviral therapy are discussed, as are the probable mechanisms of acquisition and decay or persistence of drug-resistant mutants. Differences in the rates of HIV drug-resistance from interventions used to prevent mother-to-child-transmission in North America and Europe are contrasted to the simplified regimens used in resourc...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ton Q, Frenkel L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs for Prevention of HIV-Mother-to-Child Transmission on Hematological Parameters and Hemoglobin Synthesis in HIV-Uninfected Newborns With and Without Thalassemia Carrier.
Abstract The effects of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs administered to HIV-infected pregnancy on hematological parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis in ARV-exposed newborns with and without thalassemia carrier and of ARV drugs in worsening anemia in thalassemia carrier newborns are not well understood. Cord blood samples were collected from newborns of HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnancies. Hematological parameters and hemoglobin typing were analyzed by automated blood counter and capillary electrophoresis (CE), respectively. In the group of thalassemia carrier, the ARV-exposed newborns had significantly lower m...
Source: Current HIV Research - April 22, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wongnoi R, Oberdorfer P, Sirivatanapa P, Phanpong C, Pornprasert S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Long-Term Gender-Based Outcomes for Atazanavir/Ritonavir (ATV/r) - Containing Regimens in Treatment-Experienced Patients with HIV.
Abstract Clinical data on antiretroviral effectiveness in women is limited, especially long-term data, because women are usually underrepresented in clinical trials. This sub-analysis of a large European non-comparative, retrospective, observational cohort study evaluated gender differences in long-term outcomes in antiretroviral-experienced adult patients with HIV-1 infection switched to an ATV/r-based regimen between October 2004 and March 2007. Data were extracted from 3 European HIV databases every 6 months (maximum follow-up 5 years). Time to virological failure (VF), defined as two consecutive HIV-1 RNA ≥5...
Source: Current HIV Research - April 12, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Svedhem-Johansson V, Pugliese P, Brockmeyer NH, Thalme A, Michalik C, Esser S, Barlet MH, Nakonz T, Jimenez-Exposito MJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research