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Role of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins conformation and accessory proteins on ADCC responses.
Abstract The role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in controlling or preventing infections by human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency (SIV) viruses has been recently highlighted in multiple studies. One of those effector functions, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was suggested as correlating with decreased HIV-1 acquisition risk in the recent Thai RV144 vaccine trial. RV144-elicited antibodies with potent ADCC activity were recently found to recognize HIV envelope (Env) epitopes exposed upon Env-CD4 interaction. However, HIV-1 efficiently limits the exposure of t...
Source: Current HIV Research - August 26, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Veillette M, Richard J, Pazgier M, Lewis G, Parsons MS, Finzi A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Current Trends and Future Projection of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Taiwan: A Modeling Analysis.
CONCLUSION: N-step-ahead forecasting comparison with 2012-2014 observed data indicates lower than expected number of known PLWHA and new deaths, perhaps attributable to increased treatment, but higher number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, which requires further investigation. PMID: 26487305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hsieh YH, Lin PC Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Factors associated with presenting late or with advanced HIV disease in the Netherlands, 1996-2014: results from a national observational cohort
Conclusions Although the overall rate of late presentation is declining in the Netherlands, targeted programmes to reduce late HIV diagnoses remain needed for all risk groups, but should be prioritised for heterosexual males, migrant populations, people aged ≥50 years and certain regions in the Netherlands.
Source: BMJ Open - January 4, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Op de Coul, E. L. M., van Sighem, A., Brinkman, K., Benthem, B. H. v., Ende, M. E. v. d., Geerlings, S., Reiss, P., for the ATHENA national observational HIV cohort, for the ATHENA national observational HIV cohort, Prins*, Kuijpers, Scherpbier, van der M Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, HIV AIDS Research Source Type: research

Anti-HIV Factors: Targeting Each Step of HIV's Replication Cycle.
CONCLUSION: Since the majority of vaccine approaches against HIV have failed so far, it is imperative to start looking at alternative strategies for vaccine and therapy development. By better understanding how HIV hijacks the cellular machinery for its own benefit in completing its life-cycle, and how the virus adapts to circumvent our intrinsic immunity, we will be better equipped to design compounds that specifically interrupt virus replication and spread. PMID: 26957194 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Colomer-Lluch M, Gollahon LS, Serra-Moreno R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with HIV disease, methamphetamine use, and neurocognitive functioning
Conclusion: These findings provide in vivo support that HIV and MAD alter expression of FGFs, which may contribute to the NC abnormalities associated with these conditions. These cross-sectional findings cannot establish causality and the therapeutic benefits of recombinant FGF-1 need to be investigated. Keywords: biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid, fibroblast growth factor, HIV, methamphetamine, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HAND, neurocognitive impairment
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - April 29, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Clinical utility of dronabinol in the treatment of weight loss associated with HIV and AIDS
Melissa E Badowski,1 Sarah E Perez2 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Infectious Diseases Clinic, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, weight loss has been a common complaint for patients. The use of various definitions defining HIV wasting syndrome has made it difficult to determine its actual prevalence. Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, it is estimated that the prevalence of HIV wasting syndrome is between 14% and 38%. H...
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - February 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Magnitude of HIV and syphilis seroprevalence among pregnant women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis was high. Low husband educational status was a risk factor for HIV and syphilis. Therefore, substantial efforts have to be made to reinforce prevention strategies and to screen as early as possible to prevent mother-to-child and further horizontal transmission. Keywords: HIV, magnitude, seroprevalence, syphilis
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - June 2, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Consistent condom use in HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in northwestern Ethiopia: implication to reduce transmission and multiple infections
Conclusion: Females, patients living in rural areas, uneducated groups, and new ART users were less likely to use condoms consistently. The importance of consistent condom use should be well-addressed in HIV/AIDS patients, to prevent transmission and multiple infections of HIV. Keywords: barrier method against HIV, patients on ART, Ethiopia
Source: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care - April 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Source Type: research

Neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric HIV/AIDS: current perspectives
Charlotte Blokhuis,1 Neeltje A Kootstra,2 Matthan WA Caan,3 Dasja Pajkrt1 1Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, 2Department of Experimental Immunology, 3Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Abstract: The effects of HIV on the developing nervous system of perinatally HIV (PHIV)-infected children are substantial, yet poorly understood. While the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduced the prevalence of HIV encephalopathy, many cART-treated PHIV-infected children still present with neurodevelopmen...
Source: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine - January 13, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Neurobehavioral HIV Medicine Source Type: research

Immunological strategies to target HIV persistence
Purpose of review: The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches aiming at reducing the latent HIV reservoir. Recent findings: HIV-1 establishes early during infection a pool of latently infected cells that persist long term and are largely undetectable to the immune system. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the life expectancy and life quality of HIV-1-infected individuals, but is incapable of eliminating the pool of latently HIV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have started to test immunotherapeutic interventions in combination with latency reversin...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research

Animal models to achieve an HIV cure
Purpose of review: The introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV infection from a deadly to a chronic infection. Despite its successes in reducing mortality, ART fails to cure HIV allowing HIV to persist in vivo. HIV persistence under ART is thought to be mediated by a combination of latent infection of long-lived cells, homeostatic proliferation of latently infected cells, anatomic sanctuaries, and low-level virus replication. To understand the contribution of specific cell types and anatomic sites to virus persistence in vivo animal models are necessary. Recent findings: The advancements...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research

COBA-Cohort: a prospective cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men, attending community-based HIV testing services in five European countries (a study protocol)
Introduction Community-based voluntary counselling and testing (CBVCT) services for men who have sex with men (MSM) can reach those most-at-risk and provide an environment for gay men that is likely to be non-stigmatising. Longitudinal data on the behaviour of HIV-negative MSM are scarce in Europe. The aim of this protocol, developed during the Euro HIV Early Diagnosis And Treatment (EDAT) project, is to implement a multicentre community-based cohort of HIV-negative MSM attending 15 CBVCT services in 5 European countries. Research objectives (1) To describe the patterns of CBVCT use, (2) to estimate HIV incidence, and to ...
Source: BMJ Open - July 12, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lorente, N., Fernandez-Lopez, L., Fuertes, R., Rojas Castro, D., Pichon, F., Cigan, B., Chanos, S., Meireles, P., Lucas, R., Morel, S., Slaaen Kaye, P., Agusti, C., Klavs, I., Platteau, T., Casabona, J., the Euro HIV EDAT Study Group, the Euro HIV EDAT St Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Public health, Sexual health, HIV AIDS Protocol Source Type: research

Virological and Social Outcomes of HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults in The Netherlands Before and After Transition to Adult Care
Conclusions. HIV-infected AYAs are vulnerable to VF, especially during the transition period. Identification of HIV-infected adolescents at high risk for VF might help to improve treatment success in this group.
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases - September 25, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Weijsenfeld, A. M., Smit, C., Cohen, S., Wit, F. W. N. M., Mutschelknauss, M., van der Knaap, L. C., van Zonneveld, L. M., Zomer, B. J., Nauta, N., Patist, J. C., Kuipers-Jansen, M. H. J., Smit, E. P., Blokhuis, C., Pajkrt, D., for the Dutch HIV Adolescen Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research

Lessons from acute HIV infection
Purpose of review: Understanding the characteristics of transmission during acute HIV infection (AHI) may inform targets for vaccine-induced immune interdiction. Individuals treated in AHI with a small HIV reservoir size may be ideal candidates for therapeutic HIV vaccines aiming for HIV remission (i.e. viremic control after treatment interruption). Recent findings: The AHI period is brief and peak viremia predicts a viral set point that occurs 4–5 weeks following infection. Robust HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses lower viral set points. Phylogenetic analyses of founder viruses demonstrated unique bottleneck selection...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV VACCINE: Edited by Stephen J. Kent and Jerome H. Kim Source Type: research

Astrocytes as an HIV Reservoir? --- Mechanism of HIV Infection.
Abstract If we have any hope of achieving a cure for HIV infection, close attention to the cell types capable of getting infected with HIV is necessary. Of these cell types, astrocytes are the most ideal cell type for the formation of such a reservoir. These are long-lived cells with a very low turnover rate and are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Although astrocytes are evidently resistant to infection of cell-free HIV in vitro, these cells are efficiently infected via cell-to-cell contact by which immature HIV virions bud off lymphocytes and have ability directly bind to CXCR4 triggering the p...
Source: Current HIV Research - October 5, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Li GH, Henderson L, Nath A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research