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PANGEA-HIV 2: Phylogenetics And Networks for Generalised Epidemics in Africa
Purpose of review The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is far from being under control and the ambitious UNAIDS targets are unlikely to be met by 2020 as declines in per-capita incidence being largely offset by demographic trends. There is an increasing number of proven and specific HIV prevention tools, but little consensus on how best to deploy them. Recent findings Traditionally, phylogenetics has been used in HIV research to reconstruct the history of the epidemic and date zoonotic infections, whereas more recent publications focus on HIV diversity and drug resistance. However, it is also the most powerful metho...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

Phylogenetics in HIV transmission: taking within-host diversity into account
Purpose of review Within-host diversity complicates transmission models because it recognizes that between-host virus phylogenies are not identical to the transmission history among the infected hosts. This review presents the biological and theoretical foundations for recent development in this field, and shows that modern phylodynamic methods are capable of inferring realistic transmission histories from HIV sequence data. Recent findings Transmission of single or multiple genetic variants from a donor's HIV population results in donor-recipient phylogenies with combinations of monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyph...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

Understanding disclosed and cryptic HIV transmission risk via genetic analysis: what are we missing and when does it matter?
Purpose of review To discuss the recent HIV phylogenetic analyses examining HIV transmission patterns among and within risk groups. Recent findings Phylodynamic analysis has recently been applied to multiple HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs to determine whether HIV transmission is ongoing. Large-scale analyses of datasets of HIV sequences collected for drug-resistance testing provide population-level insights into transmission patterns. One focus across world regions has been to investigate whether age-disparity is a driver of HIV transmission. In sub-Saharan Africa, researchers have examined transmission b...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

HIV-1 phylogenetics and vaccines
We describe the vaccine regimens that are currently tested in two vaccine efficacy trials and recent research highlighting HIV-1 genetic features that were associated with the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Summary Compared with how widely HIV-1 diversity is recognized as a critical issue for vaccine research, relatively few genetically informed vaccine solutions have been compared, in part because the lack of correlates of protection against HIV-1 limits the ability to develop and test multiple vaccine candidates in a fully rational manner. Yet, recent findings have provided a better understanding of t...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of HIV-1 minority subtypes in Hong Kong: A recent epidemic of CRF07_BC among the men who have sex with men population.
CONCLUSION: Our results highlighted the emergence of CRF07_BC epidemic in local MSM community, public health interventions targeting the community should be further enhanced to tackle the epidemic. PMID: 31142258 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 28, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Leung KS, To SW, Chen JH, Siu GK, Chan KC, Yam WC Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 infection in Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia: Epidemiology, Phylodynamics and Phylogeography.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a change in the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region. At the beginning of the epidemic, subtype A6 prevailed, subtypes B and CRF063_02A appeared in the region later. PMID: 31210113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - June 17, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Neshumaev D, Lebedev A, Malysheva M, Boyko A, Sergey S, Ozhmegova E, Antonova A, Kazennova E, Bobkova M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Frailty among HIV-1 Infected Adults under Antiretroviral Therapy in Indonesia.
CONCLUSION: Frailty is a common occurrence among HIV-infected patients under ART, with depression as an independent predictive factor. PMID: 31456523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - August 27, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wulunggono W, Yunihastuti E, Shatri H, Wahyudi ER, Ophinni Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Socioeconomic and demographic statuses as determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected patients: A systematic review of the literature.
CONCLUSION: The majority of the reviewed studies reported that there is no association between socio-demographic and economic variables and adherence to therapy. Whereas, some studies show that age of HIV patients (per year increasing) and sex (being male) were positively associated with adherence to ART. Among socio-economic factors, the available evidence does not provide conclusive support for the existence of a clear association with adherence to ART among HIV patients. There seems to be a positive trend between socioeconomic factors and adherence to ART in some of the reviewed studies. PMID: 31538899 [PubMed - as...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 18, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Azmach NN, Hamza TA, Husen AA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Molecular Genetics and the Incidence of Transmitted drug resistance among pre-treatment HIV 1 Infected Patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that HIV-1 subtype C still predominates and responsible for driving the epidemic in Eastern Cape of South Africa with slow rise in the occurrence of transmitted drug resistance. PMID: 31584370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 2, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Digban TO, Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Nwodo U, Okoh AI Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Study of HIV resistance mutations against antiretrovirals using bioinformatics tools.
CONCLUSION: Resistance to HIV ARV was detected at a considerable rate of 30.3%, showing some concern about the percentage of viral strains that escape the established therapeutic regimen and that circulate currently in Brazil. The non-use of NNRTIs in Brazil is justified by the emergence of resistance mutations. The low prevalence of mutations against INIs is because drugs in this class have a high genetic barrier. PMID: 31629397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 18, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Roca TP, Lima FSN, Dos Santos AO, Dallacqua DSV, Botelho-Souza LF Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Delivery of HIV-1 polyepitope constructs using cationic and amphipathic cell penetrating peptides into mammalian cells.
CONCLUSION: These data suggested that these CPPs can be used as a promising approach for development of the HIV-1 vaccine. PMID: 31755394 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 19, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Namazi F, Bolhassani A, Sadat SM, Irani S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Design, Synthesis, Molecular modeling and Anti-HIV Assay of novel Quinazolinone Incorporated Coumarin Derivatives.
CONCLUSION: Here, a novel anti-HIV scaffold is represented for further modification and in-vivo studies. PMID: 31820700 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 8, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Safakish M, Hajimahdi Z, Aghasadeghi MR, Vahabpour R, Zarghi A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Healthcare workers' knowledge of HIV-exposed infant feeding options and infant feeding counseling practice in northern Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: The practice of infant feeding counseling among HCW in Nigeria is associated with sex, knowledge, and profession. Our findings may inform the development of targeted training programs for HCW in similar settings. PMID: 31870269 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 21, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Iliyasu Z, Galadanci HS, Hassan-Hanga F, Abdulrahman Z, Tsiga FI, Marryshow SE, Aliyu MH Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Binding Insight of Anti-HIV Phytocompounds with Prime Targets of HIV: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Analysis.
CONCLUSION: These finding can aid the designing of the structural properties for more effective anti-HIV compounds against the given targets. PMID: 31995010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 27, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Vora J, Athar M, Sinha S, Jha PC, Shrivastava N Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Identifying and managing infectious disease syndemics in patients with HIV
Purpose of review We will present recent articles focusing on HIV synergistic interactions with other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and hepatitis, as well as recent advances in the study of social and behavioral determinants that facilitate this clustering of infectious disease. For each synergistic interaction, we highlight evidence-based interventions that clinicians and policymakers should consider to tackle HIV and infectious disease syndemics. Recent findings Significant advances in understanding the behavioral and structural determinants of HIV and other infectious disease synergisms have been m...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 9, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV SYNDEMICS: Edited by Kenneth H. Mayer Source Type: research