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Shift in HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Factors Associated with False Positives for HIV Testing: A Retrospective Study from 2013 to 2018 in Xi'an, China.
CONCLUSIONS: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Xi'an is still evolving, therefore, effective strategies, appropriate education and scaling up HIV testing should be developed. In addition, old adults and specific departments were associated with FP. PMID: 32294041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - April 14, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wang JY, Zhang KG, Ruan JX, Chen W, Wang L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Epidemiology of HIV in Iran.
Abstract Iran has been one the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in Middle East during last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its own unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in prevention programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed till recent progresses in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention among different groups at risk. Not only we addressed the key ...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 4, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Najafi Z, Taj L, Dadras O, Ghadimi F, Moradmand B, SeyedAlinaghi S Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

MicroRNAs Profiling in HIV, HCV and HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients.
CONCLUSION: These miRNAs are probably involved in the clinical progression and pathogenesis of HIV and HCV infections. Therefore, determining and manipulating of these miRNAs can lead to opening a new gate to control of these important infections. PMID: 32900348 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 7, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Moghoofei M, Najafipour S, Mostafaei S, Tavakoli A, Bokharaei-Salim F, Ghorbani S, Javanmard D, Ghaffari H, Monavari SH Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Morphological and histopathological study of autopsied patients with atherosclerosis and HIV.
CONCLUSION: The inflammatory process resulting from HIV infection may be relevant in the alteration of aortic collagen fibers and in triggering or accelerating atherosclerosis. The study is important because HIV patients have increased risks for the development of cardiovascular diseases, and follow-up is necessary to prevent such diseases. PMID: 33135614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - October 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Oliveira MS, da Silva Torquato BG, Tsuji SY, Aguiar LS, Juliano GR, da Silveira LAM, Miranda Corrêa RR, Rocha LB, da Fonseca Ferraz ML Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Evaluation of HIV-1 Regulatory and Structural Proteins as Antigen Candidate in Mouse and Human.
CONCLUSION: Briefly, the levels of both anti-Gp120 and anti-p24 antibodies can be considered for diagnosis of the HIVinfected individuals in different groups compared to healthy group. Moreover, among four recombinant proteins, Rev elicited Th1 cellular immunity and CTL activity in mice as an antigen candidate in therapeutic vaccine development. PMID: 33243125 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - November 25, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Khojasteh NF, Fekri M, Shabani SH, Milani A, Baesi K, Bolhassani A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Purpose of review CD4+ T cell loss is the hallmark of uncontrolled HIV-1 infection. Strikingly, CD4+ T cell depletion is a strong indicator for disease severity in the recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We reviewed recent single-cell immune profiling studies in HIV-1 infection and COVID-19 to provide critical insight in virus-induced immunopathogenesis. Recent findings Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-1 leads to chronic inflammation, while severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytokine release syndrome and increased m...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research

The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: summary of the data and responses to date
Conclusion COVID-19 is threatening gains against the HIV epidemic, including the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic goals. The ongoing collision of these two global pandemics will continue to need both study and interventions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on HIV efforts worldwide.
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research

Pregnancy Among HIV-Serodiscordant Couples: Case Report of Vertical Transmission and Retrospective Case Series.
CONCLUSION: Despite concerted attempts to minimize HIV transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding in our wellresourced setting, residual transmission risk remains due to non-suppressed viral load within many HIV-serodiscordant pregnant couples. PMID: 33390144 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - December 31, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Choudhury B, Stadnyk M, Jijon DF, McLaughlin L, Kanji JN, Charlton C, Smyczek P, Vaudry W, Houston S, Tse-Chang A, Hawkes MT Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and factors associated with syphilis among female sex workers in Panama
Conclusions Although HIV prevalence is low among FSWs in Panama, unregistered FSWs bear a higher burden of HIV and STIs than registered FSWs. Programmes aimed at overcoming obstacles to registration, and HIV, STI and harm reduction among unregistered FSWs is warranted to prevent HIV transmission, and to improve their sexual and reproductive health.
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections - February 18, 2013 Category: Sexual Medicine Authors: Hakre, S., Arteaga, G., Nunez, A. E., Bautista, C. T., Bolen, A., Villarroel, M., Peel, S. A., Paz-Bailey, G., Scott, P. T., Pascale, J. M., the Panama HIV EPI Group Tags: Liver disease, Health policy, Epidemiologic studies, Open access, Drugs: infectious diseases, Hepatitis and other GI infections, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis (sexual health), HIV / AIDS, Syphilis, HIV infections, Sex workers Epidemiology Source Type: research

Antiretroviral Drugs to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV during Breastfeeding.
Abstract In low and middle-income countries (LMIC), transmission of HIV during breastfeeding represents a major public health challenge. In the absence of interventions, breast milk HIV transmission can account up to 40% or more of new pediatric HIV infections in sub Saharan Africa. Several viral, maternal clinical, immunological and genetic factors, as well as maternal-infant host factors and type of infant feeding may influence the risk of breastfeeding transmission of HIV. The mechanisms of breast milk HIV transmission are poorly understood. For mothers who are healthy and do not need combination antiretroviral...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shetty AK, Maldonado Y Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Virologic and Host Risk Factors for Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.
Abstract Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV continues to fuel the worldwide pediatric HIV epidemic. Without any intervention to prevent transmission, the rate of MTCT of HIV is estimated at 12-40%. The prevalence of pediatric HIV infection in a given community is the sensor for both the magnitude and the trajectory of the HIV epidemic in that community. A myriad of viral and host risk factors act in tandem to cause MTCT of HIV. In this review, the mechanisms, timing of transmission, and risks factors (i.e., viral and host) associated with MTCT of HIV are discussed. Although significant declines in MTCT...
Source: Current HIV Research - February 21, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Selvaraj S, Paintsil E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Function and Apoptosis of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) in the HIV Infected Patients.
Abstract HIV infection results in the development of immunodeficiency mainly due to the apoptosis of infected and bystander CD4 cells. The aim of the study was to follow the mitochondrial dependent pathway of apoptosis, the one of the suggested mechanisms of above process. The inner mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) generation, apoptosis and necrosis markers of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared in HIV infected patients and HIV negative control group. The correlation of blood viral load, TNFα concentration, CD4 cells count and duration of ARV therapy was consi...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 17, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bociąga-Jasik M, Góralska J, Polus A, Sliwa A, Gruca A, Raźny U, Zdzienicka A, Garlicki A, Mach T, Dembińska-Kieć A Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

HIV Vaccine Efficacy and Immune Correlates of Risk.
Abstract Although immune correlates of protection for HIV vaccines have remained an intractable question, RV144 provided the first evidence that an HIV vaccine could provide protective efficacy against HIV acquisition. The study of correlates of risk has opened large and unforeseen avenues of exploration and hope for the most exciting time of HIV vaccine development. Several elements in the RV144 post-hoc analysis and recent macaque challenge studies suggest that antibodies directed against the V2 loop of gp120 are functional and may have played a protective role against virus acquisition. Several protective mecha...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: O'Connell RJ, Excler JL Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Methanobrevibacter smithii Archaeosomes-Entrapped mzNL4-3 Virus-Like Particles Induce Specific T helper 1-Oriented Cellular and Humoral Responses against HIV-1.
Abstract Despite numerous and tremendous achievements in the development and standardization of HIV vaccines, there are still lots of vague concepts in HIV vaccinology. Various approaches have been applied to design an efficient HIV vaccine. Due to their lack of replication ability and expression of native antigens at the same time virus-like particles, such as previously introduced mzNL4-3 HIV-1 VLPs are among the highlighted candidates in this field On the other part, application of adjuvants is an inseparable strategy in the vaccine development researches. Archaeosomes are liposomal adjuvants with T helper 1 an...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 16, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Salmani AS, Aghasadeghi MR, Nategh R, Mokhtari-Azad T, Siadat SD Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Protective Effect of CCR5 Delta-32 Allele against HIV-1 in Mexican Women.
Abstract C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is known for its role as a co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. Some individuals possess a 32 bp deletion, known as Delta-32 allele which has been reported to confer resistance to HIV-1 infection. In order to estimate the distribution of Delta-32 allele of CCR5 gene, 1034 mestizo individuals from the Northwest of Mexico, including 385 HIV-1-infected individuals, 472 healthy controls and 177 uninfected female sex workers; were examined by allele-specific PCR. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of Delta-32 allele between HIV-1 positive and hea...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Estrada-Aguirre JA, Cázarez-Salazar SG, Ochoa-Ramírez LA, de Jesús Acosta-Cota S, Zamora-Gómez R, Najar-Reyes GM, Villarreal-Escamilla P, Osuna-Ramírez I, Díaz-Camacho SP, Sánchez-Zazueta JG, Ríos-Tostado JJ, Velarde-Félix JS Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research