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Total 237420 results found since Jan 2013.
Neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: roles for immune activation, HIV blipping and viral tropism
Purpose of review: The purpose of this study is to discuss why HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite apparently effective HIV suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Recent findings: As many as 50% of HIV-infected individuals suffer from HAND despite ART suppression of HIV replication to apparently undetectable levels in most treated individuals. Prior to ART, HIV-associated dementia (HAD), the severest form of HAND, affected nearly 20% of infected individuals; HAD now affects only nearly 2% of ART-treated persons, although less severe HAND forms persist. Recent studies link pers...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 6, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV NEUROLOGY: Edited by Christopher Power and Bruce J. Brew Source Type: research
Relationship Between Health-Related Quality of Life Measures and High HIV Viral Load in HIV-Infected Triple-Class-Experienced Patients
Conclusions: Although other determinants of HRQoL in people with HIV should also be considered, this finding suggests a negative impact of high viral load on perceived HRQoL that adds to other described determinants of lower quality of life in people with HIV, such as lower social support and self-reported symptoms.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportPages 176-183DOI 10.1310/hct1504-176Authors
Raffaella Bucciardini, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyKatherina Pugliese, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyLiliana Weimer, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyMassimiliano Digregorio, Istitu...
Source: HIV Clinical Trials - August 20, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Clinical Trials Source Type: research
Citalopram for the Prevention of Depression and Its Consequences in HIV-Hepatitis C Coinfected Individuals Initiating Pegylated Interferon/Ribavirin Therapy: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
Conclusions: A strategy of prophylactic citalopram compared to treatment of emergent depression was not associated with higher adherence or a reduction in treatment-limiting depression nor did it significantly reduce depressive symptoms among HIV-HCV coinfected persons during treatment for HCV.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 161-175DOI 10.1310/hct1504-161Authors
Marina B. Klein, Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, CanadaTerry Lee, Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancou...
Source: HIV Clinical Trials - August 20, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV Clinical Trials Source Type: research
HIV Extra cellular Tat : Myth or Reality ?
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) eradication will require elimination of HIV infected cells. No antiretroviral treatments (ART) or vaccine approaches have been able to reduce significantly the level of HIV infected cells in peripheral blood. This inefficacy is generally explained by the presence of a major reservoir of latent HIV infected cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that would be a sanctuary where Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) have no access and would refresh peripheral blood with activated HIV infected cells. In this review, the presence of a major reservoir in the CNS appears ...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 2, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Loret E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Creatine Protects Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with HIV-1 Tat-Induced Neuronal Injury.
Abstract
HIV-1 infected individuals are living longer but experiencing a prevalence rate of over 50% for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) for which no effective treatment is available. Viral and cellular factors secreted by HIV-1 infected cells leads to neuronal injury and HIV-1 Tat continues to be implicated in the pathogenesis of HAND. Here we tested the hypothesis that creatine protected against HIV-1 Tat-induced neuronal injury by preventing mitochondrial bioenergetic crisis and/or redox catastrophe. Creatine blocked HIV-1 Tat1-72-induced increases in neuron cell death and synaptic area loss. C...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Stevens PR, Gawryluk JW, Hui L, Chen X, Geiger JD Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-1 Subtypes B and C Tat Differentially Impact Synaptic Plasticity Expression and Implicates HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.
In conclusion, this study suggests that clade B Tat significantly potentiates neuronal toxicity and further increased synaptic plasticity genes in SK-N-MC may contribute to the severe neuropathogenesis associated with HAND.
PMID: 25613138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Samikkannu T, Atluri VS, Arias AY, Rao KV, Mulet CT, Jayant RD, Nair MP Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-1 Proteins Tat and gp120 Target the Developing Dopaminergic System.
Abstract
The current global estimate of children (< 15 years of age) living with HIV and AIDS is 3.2 million, with the 240,000 newly infected children in the past year, i.e., another child infected approximately every two minutes [1]. The primary mode of HIV infection is through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), occurring either in utero, intrapartum, or during breastfeeding. The effects of HIV-1 on the brain are thought to be mediated, in part, through the viral proteins Tat and gp120. This review focuses on the targets of HIV-1 proteins in the developing DAergic system, which appears to be specifically sus...
Source: Current HIV Research - January 20, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fitting S, Booze RM, Mactutus CF Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Mother-to-Child Transmission Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Infants Followed Up in Jos North-Central Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: In North-central Nigeria where HIV is prevalent, ART started before pregnancy is enormously effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission. Adoption of WHO 'Option B+' deserves serious consideration in such settings.
PMID: 25986370 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sagay AS, Ebonyi AO, Meloni ST, Musa J, Oguche S, Ekwempu CC, Oyebode T, Ejeliogu E, Imade GE, Agbaji OO, Okonkwo P, Kanki PJ Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Effects of a quasi-randomized web-based intervention on risk behaviors and treatment seeking among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Chengdu, China.
Abstract
The men who have sex with men (MSM) population in China has experienced a recent increase in HIV incidence . Due to the dual stigma and discrimination towards homosexuality and HIV infection, most MSM living with HIV/AIDS are hard to reach by offline intervention initiatives. We recruited HIV-positive MSM participants in Chengdu, China and assessed whether they disclosed their HIV status to partners, motivated a partner to receive testing, used condoms consistently, or initiated antiretroviral therapy. Participants were quasi-randomized to either the intervention or control arm. The intervention group was...
Source: Current HIV Research - June 23, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mi G, Wu Z, Wang X, Shi CX, Yu F, Li T, Zhang L, McGoogan JM, Pang L, Xu J, Rou K Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-1 is spreading out of former high-risk population through heterosexual transmission in Hebei, China.
CONCLUSIONS: The genetic data supposed that HIV-1 was spreading out of MSMs, IDUs, and FPDs through heterosexual transmission in Hebei, China. Urgent prevention and behavior intervention in the population will be necessary. Furthermore, the detailed sequence data will help the design of HIV-1 vaccines in China.
PMID: 26415701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - September 28, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gui T, Lu X, Li H, Li T, Liu Y, Bao Z, Li L Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Antibody-Based Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies Against HIV.
CONCLUSION: Taking into account all the information included in this review, it seems evident that anti-HIV-1 antibodies play an important role in virus control and prevention. This review aims to give an overview of the strategies used and the advances in antibody-based preventive and therapeutic strategies against HIV-1.
PMID: 26957200 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fabra-Garcia A, Beltran C, Sanchez-Merino V, Yuste E Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Mechanisms of HIV Transcriptional Regulation by Drugs of Abuse.
CONCLUSION: In this review, we will provide the latest updates of the molecular mechanisms that regulate HIV transcription and discuss how drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, heroin and morphine, modulate those mechanisms to upregulate HIV transcription and eventually HIV replication.
PMID: 27009097 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tyagi M, Bukrinsky M, Simon GL Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
HIV-1 Induced CNS Dysfunction: Current Overview and Research Priorities.
CONCLUSION: Prevention and treatment of the neurological complications of HIV, and eradication of persistent virus from the CNS compartment are major priorities for the HIV-CNS research. Here we give an overview of the progress of research on HIV-CNS disease, define new challenges and research areas, and highlight domestic and global priorities.
PMID: 27009096 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Joseph J, Colosi DA, Rao VR Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Prevalence of Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Among the Anti Retroviral Therapy Exposed HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Manipur, Northeast India.
CONCLUSION: DRAMs at the target sites of reverse transcriptase inhibitors are high and these were found to have developed resistance to the primary ART drugs that are used in Manipur. The findings of this study will help the clinicians to guide patients during the course of ART treatment regimes.
PMID: 27033350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 31, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sharma AL, Singh TR, Devi KR, Singh LS Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research
Bone health and HIV in resource-limited settings: a scoping review
Purpose of review: Sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited settings (RLS) bear the greatest burden of the HIV epidemic globally. Advantageously, the expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in increased survival of HIV individuals in the last 2 decades. Data from resource rich settings provide evidence of increased risk of comorbid conditions such as osteoporosis and fragility fractures among HIV-infected populations. We provide the first review of published and presented data synthesizing the current state of knowledge on bone health and HIV in RLS.
Recent findings: With few exceptions, we foun...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 8, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: BONE COMPLICATIONS IN HIV: Edited by Patrick W.G. Mallon and Todd T. Brown Source Type: research
