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Explainable machine learning for diffraction patterns
Serial crystallography experiments at X-ray free-electron laser facilities produce massive amounts of data but only a fraction of these data are useful for downstream analysis. Thus, it is essential to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable data, generally known as `hit' and `miss', respectively. Image classification methods from artificial intelligence, or more specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), classify the data into hit and miss categories in order to achieve data reduction. The quantitative performance established in previous work indicates that CNNs successfully classify serial crystallograp...
Source: Journal of Applied Crystallography - September 20, 2023 Category: Physics Authors: Nawaz, S. Rahmani, V. Pennicard, D. Setty, S.P.R. Klaudel, B. Graafsma, H. Tags: explainable machine learning gradient-weighted class activation mapping Grad-CAM visualization of representations research papers Source Type: research
Mechanistic multiscale modelling of energy metabolism in human astrocytes reveals the impact of morphology changes in Alzheimer ’s Disease
by Sofia Farina, Val érie Voorsluijs, Sonja Fixemer, David Bouvier, Susanne Claus, Mark Ellisman, Stéphane P. A. Bordas, Alexander Skupin
Astrocytes with their specialised morphology are essential for brain homeostasis as metabolic mediators between blood vessels and neurons. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), astrocytes adopt reactive profiles with molecular and morphological changes that could lead to the impairment of their metabolic support and impact disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms of how the metabolic function of human astrocytes is impaired by their morpho l...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - September 20, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Sofia Farina Source Type: research
How to use lumbar puncture manometry in children
Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure through lumbar puncture (LP) manometry is an essential practical skill all paediatricians should possess competency in. The ability to perform manometry is crucial in the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and can provide critical information on raised (or lowered) intracranial pressure in other clinical scenarios. Practitioners should be familiar with the procedure and in particular with equipment available to them locally. In this article, we will describe an approach to LP manometry. The online supplemental material includes an instructional video as well as sup...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - September 20, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Holland, J. A., Funnell, J. P., Mittal, R., Krishnakumar, D. Tags: Open access, Interpretations Source Type: research
Data-driven transcriptomics analysis identifies PCSK9 as a novel key regulator in liver aging
AbstractThe liver, as a crucial metabolic organ, undergoes significant pathological changes during the aging process, which can have a profound impact on overall health. To gain a comprehensive understanding of these alterations, we employed data-driven approaches, along with biochemical methods, histology, and immunohistochemistry techniques, to systematically investigate the effects of aging on the liver. Our study utilized a well-established rat aging model provided by the National Institute of Aging. Systems biology approaches were used to analyze genome-wide transcriptomics data from liver samples obtained from young ...
Source: AGE - September 20, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The effectiveness of exercise on the symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatment: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
ConclusionsResearch is still needed to confirm the majority of studies’ recommendations for exercise during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients, as it is crucial for managing symptoms in the rehabilitation process. To increase the efficiency of exercise in symptom management, future studies may focus more on the application of bridge symptoms, symptom networks, and ecological instantaneous assessment.
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - September 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Putting a finger on histidine methylation Outlook
Specialized enzymes add methyl groups to the nitrogens of the amino acid histidine, altering the chemical properties of its imidazole ring and, in turn, the function of the modified (poly)peptide. In this issue of Genes & Development, Shimazu and colleagues (pp. 724–742) make the remarkable discovery that CARNMT1 acts as a dual-specificity histidine methyltransferase, modifying both the small-molecule dipeptide carnosine and a set of proteins, predominantly within RNA-binding C3H zinc finger (C3H ZF) motifs. As a result, CARNMT1 modulates the activity of its protein targets to affect RNA processing and metabolism...
Source: Genes and Development - September 20, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Boutz, P. L. Tags: Chromatin and Gene Expression, Post-transcriptional Control Outlook Source Type: research
Angina Self-Management Plan and Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Post Coronary Angioplasty Patients
Conclusion: According to study findings and the favourable features of the angina approach to decreasing anxiety as an essential component in the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), it is envisaged that the use of these programmes will play a key role in monitoring the CAD process and preventing coronary events.
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - September 20, 2023 Category: African Health Authors: Zhang Mei, Kan Lei Source Type: research
Histidine N1-position-specific methyltransferase CARNMT1 targets C3H zinc finger proteins and modulates RNA metabolism Research Papers
Histidine (His) residues are methylated in various proteins, but their roles and regulation mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that carnosine N-methyltransferase 1 (CARNMT1), a known His methyltransferase of dipeptide carnosine (βAla-His), is a major His N1-position-specific methyltransferase. We found that 52 His sites in 20 proteins underwent CARNMT1-mediated methylation. The consensus methylation site for CARNMT1 was identified as Cx(F/Y)xH, a C3H zinc finger (C3H ZF) motif. CARNMT1-deficient and catalytically inactive mutant mice showed embryonic lethality. Among the CARNMT1 target C3H ZF proteins, RNA degra...
Source: Genes and Development - September 20, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Shimazu, T., Yoshimoto, R., Kotoshiba, K., Suzuki, T., Matoba, S., Hirose, M., Akakabe, M., Sohtome, Y., Sodeoka, M., Ogura, A., Dohmae, N., Shinkai, Y. Tags: Research Papers Source Type: research
Guiding the design of behavioral and lifestyle modification interventions for risk reduction, prevention, and treatment of non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: An overview of relevant literature
Conclusion: Targeting lifestyle and behavioral modification interventions with a proper understanding of their essential design components and practical contextual considerations is crucial for reducing the rising burden of NCDs in LMICs. Future direction on the importance of conducting original research and systematic reviews on the subject was also emphasized
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - September 20, 2023 Category: African Health Authors: Abel Negussie, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Work, Eshetu Girma Source Type: research
Differences in spinal postures and mobility among adults with Prader-Willi syndrome, essential obesity, and normal-weight individuals
DiscussionAlthough the characteristics of the spine in patients with Prader-Will syndrome appear to be similar to that found in subjects with essential obesity, Prader-Willi syndrome was found to influence lumbar movements more than thoracic mobility. These results provide relevant information about the characteristics of the spine in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome to be taken into careful consideration in the management of spinal conditions. These findings also highlight the importance of considering the musculoskeletal assessment of spinal postures and approaches targeting spinal and hip flexibility in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - September 20, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction: a scientometric study and visualization analysis
ConclusionOur scientometric analysis shows that investigations related to pregnant women, epidemiology surveys, and iodine deficiency are promising topics for future iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction research and highlights the important role of iodine on thyroid function.
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - September 20, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The health-related quality of life of sarcoma patients treated with neoadjuvant versus adjuvant radiotherapy - Results of a multi-center observational study
Radiotherapy is an essential part of the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, effective in preventing up to half of potential local recurrences [1]. The question of when radiotherapy should take place in relation to the timing of surgery is a subject of debate. Regarding oncologic endpoints, equivalent tumor control, occurrence of distant metastases, and overall survival can be achieved with a lower preoperative radiation dose compared with postoperative radiation [2,3]. On the one hand, a disadvantage of neoadjuvant irradiation is an increased likelihood of wound complications.
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - September 20, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Susanne Singer, Sabine Semrau, Henriette Golcher, Katja Fechner, Annett Kallies, Sergio Zapata Bonilla, Robert Gr ützmann, Rainer Fietkau, Torsten Kluba, Christina Jentsch, Dimosthenis Andreou, Martin Bornhäuser, Jochen Schmitt, Markus K. Schuler, Marti Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Cancers, Vol. 15, Pages 4653: Nuclear Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: From Genes to Function
arini
Estrogens are almost ubiquitous steroid hormones that are essential for development, metabolism, and reproduction. They exert both genomic and non-genomic action through two nuclear receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are transcription factors with disregulated functions and/or expression in pathological processes. In the 1990s, the discovery of an additional membrane estrogen G-protein-coupled receptor augmented the complexity of this picture. Increasing evidence elucidating the specific molecular mechanisms of action and opposing effects of ERα and Erβ was report...
Source: Cancers - September 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Silvia Belluti Carol Imbriano Livio Casarini Tags: Review Source Type: research
Cancers, Vol. 15, Pages 4645: Natural Products and Small Molecules Targeting Cellular Ceramide Metabolism to Enhance Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Pashikanti
Molecular targeting strategies have been used for years in order to control cancer progression and are often based on targeting various enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Keeping this in mind, it is essential to determine the role of each enzyme in a particular metabolic pathway. In this review, we provide in-depth information on various enzymes such as ceramidase, sphingosine kinase, sphingomyelin synthase, dihydroceramide desaturase, and ceramide synthase which are associated with various types of cancers. We also discuss the physicochemical properties of well-studied inhibitors with natural product ...
Source: Cancers - September 20, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Farjana Afrin Sameena Mateen Jordan Oman James C. K. Lai Jared J. Barrott Srinath Pashikanti Tags: Review Source Type: research
Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions
AbstractThe tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is broadly composed of various immune cells, and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells. During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment, the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous. Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales. Owing to the existence of TIME, clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developin...
Source: Frontiers of Medicine - September 20, 2023 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
